AI 中文总结
研究利用里德堡原子中调制辅助场进行低频电信号量子传感；采用交流场调制策略，将低频信号与辅助场混合，经电磁诱导透明映射能级位移；实现高灵敏度、稳定性及抗环境漂移，建立了相关稳健系统框架。
AI 中文摘要
里德堡原子已成为用于自由空间电场高灵敏度量子传感的通用且高效平台，在检测低频信号方面取得显著进展。目前低频里德堡接收器依赖恒定偏置场，存在校准、长期稳定性和鲁棒性等固有挑战。本文提出、设计并实验证明一种利用里德堡原子中调制辅助场的低频电信号量子传感方案。引入交流场调制策略，将低频信号与辅助场混合，通过电磁诱导透明将能级位移映射到探测激光上。实验在5kHz时实现灵敏度为$7.5 \pm 2.6~\mathrm{\mu V/(cm\cdot Hz^{1/2})}$，积分时间1000s时最小可检测场为$0.26 \pm 0.04~\mathrm{\mu V/cm}$。还扩展该方法分析含多频率分量的广义辅助场性能。借助调制辅助场和量子频率混合，为里德堡原子低频电场量子传感建立了稳健系统框架，提高了灵敏度、稳定性及对环境漂移的抗性。
英文摘要
Rydberg atoms have emerged as a versatile and efficient platform for high-sensitivity quantum sensing of free-space electric fields, with remarkable progress in detecting low-frequency signals. To date, low-frequency Rydberg receivers have relied on a constant bias field, typically realized via intra-cell electrodes or Rydberg plasmas generated by photoelectric effects or inter-atomic interactions. While these approaches improve sensitivity, they suffer from inherent challenges in calibration, long-term stability, and robustness, hindering practical deployment. Here, we propose, design, and experimentally demonstrate a quantum sensing scheme for low-frequency electric signals using modulated auxiliary fields in Rydberg atoms. Unlike conventional methods that employ external DC electric fields that are often fully shielded by adsorbed atom layers on the cell walls, we introduce an AC-field modulation strategy. The incoming low-frequency signal mixes with the auxiliary field, and together they induce Stark shifts of the Rydberg level. These shifts are mapped onto the probe laser via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), in a manner analogous to heterodyne detection. We demonstrate a sensitivity of $7.5 \pm 2.6~\mathrm{μV/(cm\cdot Hz^{1/2})}$ at 5 kHz and a minimal detectable field of $0.26 \pm 0.04~\mathrm{μV/cm}$ with an integration time of 1000 s. Furthermore, we extend this approach to systematically analyze the performance of generalized auxiliary fields containing multiple frequency components. By virtue of modulated auxiliary field and quantum frequency mixing, our results establish a robust and systematic framework for quantum sensing of low-frequency electric fields with Rydberg atoms, offering improved sensitivity, stability, and immunity to environmental drifts.
Comments8 pages, 4 figures
