AI 中文总结
研究利用磁白矮星进行时域轴子搜索，开发可控背景简并框架，通过TESS观测PG~1015+014，发现高次谐波恒星变化性是主要简并因素，获得亚微电子伏特轴子限制并推导其他磁白矮星目标排名估计。
AI 中文摘要
磁白矮星可在其强磁场中将光子转化为轴子，转化概率随恒星旋转调制光变曲线。然而，如果对背景建模过于简单，此可观测量会与恒星固有变化性简并。我们开发了一个可控背景简并框架，从重建的恒星磁场计算轴子诱导的调制，同时用固有光变曲线的灵活傅里叶模型进行拟合。将该框架应用于PG~1015+014的TESS观测，发现正弦恒星背景会对非零轴子-光子转换产生明显偏好。当背景光变曲线包含二次谐波时，这种偏好消失，表明高次谐波恒星变化性是磁白矮星精确光度轴子搜索的主要简并因素。将双谐波拟合作为保守基线，我们获得了亚微电子伏特轴子的有竞争力的限制。我们还为其他TESS磁白矮星推导了一个解析目标排名估计，确定了相位分辨磁建模对有竞争力的轴子探测最有价值的系统。
英文摘要
Magnetic white dwarfs can convert photons into axions in their strong magnetic fields, with the conversion probability modulating the light curve as the star rotates. However, this observable is degenerate with intrinsic stellar variability if the background is modeled too simplistically. We develop a controlled background-degeneracy framework that computes the axion-induced modulation from reconstructed stellar magnetic fields while fitting it simultaneously with a flexible Fourier model of the intrinsic light curve. Applying this framework to TESS observations of PG~1015+014 using two independent magnetic field reconstructions, we find that a sinusoidal stellar background can produce an apparent preference for nonzero axion-photon conversion. This preference is absorbed once the background light curve includes the second harmonic, indicating that higher-harmonic stellar variability is a leading degeneracy for precise photometric axion searches in magnetic white dwarfs. Interpreting the two-harmonic fit as a conservative baseline, we obtain competitive constraints for sub-$μ\mathrm{eV}$ axions. We further derive an analytic target-ranking estimate for other TESS magnetic white dwarfs, identifying systems where phase-resolved magnetic modeling would be most valuable for competitive axion probes.
Comments13 pages, 8 figures
