竞争与互补工具
Competitive and Complementary Tools
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- Santa Fe Institute（圣菲研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究人类将思维外化于工具的现象，把智能体、工具和任务建模为动力系统，探讨能力与依赖的共同进化及双稳态，经多数据集测试，结果重塑了工具构建、人工智能部署及抗工具教育的方式。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
人类一直将思维外化于工具，从计数板、算盘到地图，如今还有大语言模型。本文将智能体、工具和任务建模为一个动力系统，其中能力（用户保留的部分）和依赖（用户外包的部分）共同进化，结果是双稳态的。高于临界工具可用性时，能力状态被破坏，随着用户完全外包，能力向低依赖水平崩溃。降低可用性直到更低阈值才会逆转崩溃，所以实践历史而非当前工具决定状态。面对不确定目标时，工具可使智能转移到工具，人类智能体不可逆地成为工具智能体。该模型经多个独立数据集测试，这些结果重塑了工具构建、人工智能部署及抗工具教育的方式。
英文摘要
Humans have always externalized thought onto tools, from the tally and the abacus to the map and, now, large language models. I model the agent, the tool, and the task as one dynamical system in which competence (what the user retains) and reliance (what the user outsources) co-evolve, and find that the outcome is bistable. Above a critical tool availability the competent state is destroyed and competence collapses toward a low dependent floor as the user outsources completely. Lowering availability does not reverse the collapse until a far lower threshold, so history of practice rather than the current tool fixes the state. Two users with the same present access can therefore occupy opposite and lasting states, one competent and one dependent, decided only by which they built first. The collapse threshold depends jointly on the competence a user brings to a task and on the tool's transparency, the fraction of its working a user can reconstruct. In the case where an agent faces an uncertain goal, a tool can cause agency itself to transfer to the tool and the human-agent becomes an agentic-instrument, irreversibly, because the tool's model is too large to internalize. The model is tested against several independent data sets, including GPS and map use, arithmetic expertise, and language models. These results reframe how tools should be built, how artificial intelligence is deployed, and what a tool-resistant education might require.
