AI 中文总结
研究暗能量密度时空变化的暗能量泡模型，用以色列交界条件建模并推导距离度量，发现其Alcock-Paczynski扭曲预测在特定条件下与DESI测量吻合，但受CMB约束，其独特特征可推动空间变化动力学暗能量领域未来研究。
AI 中文摘要
近期DESI结果与ΛCDM模型预测的恒定暗能量密度存在张力。若暗能量与处于亚稳态的标量场真空能相关，它将通过包含降低暗能量密度的气泡成核经历一阶相变。本文探讨此模型的后果，即暗能量密度随时间和空间变化。利用以色列交界条件对单个气泡时空建模，推导这种非均匀宇宙学中的常用距离度量。发现若暗能量相变发生在红移约1.4且较低暗能量密度气泡比外部宇宙暗能量密度约低10%时，Alcock-Paczynski扭曲的模型预测与DESI测量结果惊人吻合。尽管如此，暗能量泡受宇宙微波背景辐射严重约束，排除了能重现DESI重子声学振荡测量结果的参数空间区域。不过，暗能量泡宇宙学距离测量中的独特特征是一个有用的玩具模型，可推动和指导当前对空间变化动力学暗能量探索不足领域的未来工作。
英文摘要
Recent DESI results are in tension with the constant dark energy density predicted by the $Λ$CDM model. If dark energy is associated with the vacuum energy of a scalar field in a metastable state, it will undergo a first-order phase transition through the nucleation of bubbles containing a reduced dark energy density. In this paper, we explore the consequences of this model, where dark energy density varies in both space and time. We model a single bubble spacetime using the Israel junction conditions and derive each of the usual distance measures in this inhomogeneous cosmology. We find that the model predictions of Alcock-Paczynski distortion have features that align strikingly well with the DESI measurements if the dark energy phase transition occurred at roughly a redshift of 1.4 and if the bubble of lower dark energy density has roughly 10$\%$ less dark energy density than the outer cosmology. Despite this feature, we find that the dark energy bubble is heavily constrained by the CMB which excludes the region of parameter space that reproduces the DESI BAO measurements. Still, the peculiar features in the distance measurements of the dark energy bubble cosmology serve as a useful toy model to motivate and inform future work in the currently poorly explored area of spatially varying dynamical dark energy.
Comments41 pages, 18 figures
