用改进的维特比算法搜索行星质量黑洞
Search for Planetary-mass Black Holes with an Improved Viterbi Algorithm
AI总结：
研究旨在搜索行星质量黑洞，利用改进的维特比算法，通过新的数据时频表示和候选隔离程序，结合检测统计量评估候选者，经O3 LIGO汉福德数据验证，能以3%误报率恢复多数信号，还可估计啁啾质量快速表征系统。
AI中文摘要：
行星质量范围内的原初黑洞重新引起了人们的兴趣，然而，由于其寿命长，搜索此类双星的引力波仍然具有挑战性。在这项工作中，我们展示、定义并验证了一个用于在行星质量双星的螺旋阶段进行检测的完全可操作的搜索管道。我们使用维特比算法，这是一种基于隐马尔可夫模型恢复最可能轨迹的动态规划技术。为提高其性能，我们引入了一种新的数据时频表示和一种将信号与背景噪声分离的候选隔离程序。使用两种检测统计量\(n_{\sigma}\)和NMSE对候选者进行评估，它们量化了功率显著性和与预期双星演化的一致性。然后我们使用O3 LIGO汉福德数据和注入信号群体验证了搜索方法。该管道能够以3%的固定误报率恢复大部分信号，覆盖大部分参数空间的银河尺度，在最敏感区域达到光度距离\(\gtrsim 100\) kpc。对于每个候选者，我们还获得了系统啁啾质量的估计值，其在整个可检测范围内的精度仍然很高，能够在检测到时快速表征系统。
英文摘要：
Primordial black holes in the planetary-mass range have attracted renewed interest; however, the search for gravitational waves from such binaries remains challenging due to their long-lived nature. In this work, we present, define, and validate a fully operational search pipeline developed to detect planetary-mass binaries during their inspiral phase. We use the Viterbi algorithm, a dynamic programming technique that recovers the most likely track based on a Hidden Markov Model. To enhance its performance, we introduce a novel time-frequency representation of the data and a candidate isolation procedure that separates signals from background noise. The evaluation of candidates is carried out using the two detection statistics, $n_σ$ and NMSE, which quantify the power significance and the consistency with the expected binary evolution. We then validate the search method using O3 LIGO Hanford data with a population of injected signals. The pipeline is able to recover most of the signals with a fixed false-alarm ratio of $3\%$, covering Galactic scales across most of the parameter space and reaching luminosity distances $ \gtrsim 100$ kpc in the most sensitive region. For each candidate, we also obtain an estimate of the system's chirp mass, whose accuracy remains high throughout the detectable range, enabling a rapid characterization of the system upon detection.
