A028342的巴拉同余猜想的证明
A Proof of Bala's Congruence Conjecture for A028342
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究序列A028342的巴拉同余猜想,通过建立乘积同余式\(a(n + k)\equiv a(n)a(k)\pmod{k}\),计算素数幂的\(a(p^r)\bmod p^r\),证明了关于\(a(n)\)的一族同余式,包括奇数\(k\)及特定模8同余的\(k\)的情况。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
设\(a(n)\)是整数序列在线百科全书(OEIS)中的序列A028342,由指数生成函数\(\sum_{n\geq0}a(n)x^n/n!=\prod_{i\geq1}(1 - x^i)^{-1/i}\)定义。等价地,\(a(n)\)计算\(n\)元标记集的排列,其中每个循环被赋予其长度的一个除数,长度为\(m\)的循环有\(d(m)\)种选择,\(d(m)\)是\(m\)的正除数的数量。我们证明了彼得·巴拉猜想的\(a\)的一族同余式。对于奇数\(k\),有\(k\mid a(n + k)+a(n)\);对于\(k\equiv0,2,6\pmod{8}\),有\(k\mid a(n + k)-a(n)\);对于\(k\equiv4\pmod{8}\),有\(k\mid2(a(n + k)-a(n))\)。证明首先建立乘积同余式\(a(n + k)\equiv a(n)a(k)\pmod{k}\),然后通过计算由阶为\(p\)的子群固定的有色排列来计算每个素数幂的\(a(p^r)\bmod p^r\)。
英文摘要
Let $a(n)$ be the sequence A028342 in the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS), defined by the exponential generating function $\sum_{n\ge0} a(n)x^n/n! = \prod_{i\ge1}(1-x^i)^{-1/i}$. Equivalently, $a(n)$ counts permutations of an $n$-element labeled set in which every cycle is assigned one divisor of its length, where a cycle of length $m$ has $d(m)$ choices, $d(m)$ being the number of positive divisors of $m$. We prove a family of congruences for $a$, conjectured by Peter Bala. They state that $k \mid a(n+k)+a(n)$ for odd $k$, that $k \mid a(n+k)-a(n)$ for $k\equiv 0,2,6 \pmod 8$, and that $k \mid 2(a(n+k)-a(n))$ for $k\equiv 4\pmod 8$. The proof first establishes a product congruence $a(n+k)\equiv a(n)a(k)\pmod k$, and then computes $a(p^r)\bmod p^r$ for each prime power by counting the colored permutations fixed by a subgroup of order $p$.