AI 中文总结
研究全双工大规模 MIMO 系统，提出基于天线选择的三混合波束成形方案，采用交替优化算法联合优化多方面参数，通过实验 SI 信道验证。该方案收敛性好，能平衡多种性能，相比基线提升和速率，实现良好波束级隔离。
AI 中文摘要
本文提出了一种用于全双工大规模多输入多输出（mMIMO）系统的基于天线选择（AS）的可重构子阵列的三混合波束成形（tri-HBF）方案。采用子连接 HBF 架构，其中 AS 以分组方式执行以避免过多的开关网络和路由复杂性。开发了一种交替优化（AO）算法，以联合优化：i）考虑自干扰（SI）感知效用的有源天线子集；ii）通过投影梯度上升（PGA）的模拟波束成形器；iii）通过 SI 感知正则化迫零（RZF）和最小均方误差（MMSE）更新的数字预编码器/组合器；iv）通过逐次凸逼近（SCA）的下行链路/上行链路功率分配。为了捕捉全双工 mMIMO 操作中的实际电磁耦合，基于 8x8 发射-8x8 接收全双工阵列原型的实验 SI 信道被纳入研究。所提出的 AS 辅助 tri-HBF 优化方案在各种基站配置中表现出强大的收敛性，并有效地平衡了全双工 mMIMO 操作中的期望信号增强、SI 缓解和多用户干扰抑制。说明性结果表明，选择性激活优于全阵列激活，实现了 21.3%更高的平均和速率，并且在用户实现中具有更一致的性能，通过减少有源路径具有功率效率优势。进行了全面研究以表征激活天线的数量如何影响可实现速率、用户信道相干性和 SI 抑制增益。与各种选择基线相比，它在平均和速率上提高了 45.1%，平均下行链路和上行链路速率增益分别为 36.9%和 82.9%。此外，实现了优于 63 dB 的波束级隔离，进一步证实了所提出的 SI 感知设计的有效性。
英文摘要
This paper proposes a tri-hybrid beamforming (tri-HBF) scheme with antenna-selection (AS)-based reconfigurable sub-arrays for full-duplex (FD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems. A sub-connected HBF architecture is adopted, where AS is performed in a group-wise manner to avoid excessive switch-network and routing complexity. An alternating optimization (AO) algorithm is developed to jointly optimize the i) active antenna subsets considering a self-interference (SI)-aware utility, ii) analog beamformers through projected gradient ascent (PGA), iii) digital precoders/combiners via SI-aware regularized zero-forcing (RZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) updates, and iv) DL/UL power allocation by successive convex approximation (SCA). To capture realistic electromagnetic coupling in FD mMIMO operation, experimental SI channels based on an 8x8 Tx-8x8 Rx FD array prototype are incorporated into the study. The proposed AS-aided tri-HBF optimization scheme exhibits robust convergence across various base station configurations and effectively balances desired-signal enhancement, SI mitigation, and multi-user interference suppression in FD mMIMO operation. Illustrative results show that selective activation can outperform full-array activation, achieving a 21.3% higher average sum-rate and a more consistent performance across user realizations, with power-efficiency benefits by reducing the active paths. A comprehensive study is conducted to characterize how the number of activated antennas affects the achievable rate, user-channel coherence, and SI suppression gain. Compared with various selection baselines, it achieves a 45.1% improvement in average sum-rate, with average DL and UL rate gains of 36.9% and 82.9%, respectively. In addition, beam-level isolation better than 63 dB is achieved, further confirming the effectiveness of the proposed SI-aware design.
