受约束里德堡链中精确慢模选择产生的强量子姆潘巴效应
Strong Quantum Mpemba Effect from Exact Slow-Mode Selection in Constrained Rydberg Chains
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究受约束里德堡链中多体状态弛豫问题，通过局部退相使哈密顿量成为精确慢模，发现热态保留慢通道，特定态消除慢通道，此机制在多种模型中产生强量子姆潘巴效应，确定精确慢模选择为快速弛豫的组织原则。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
一个多体状态能否因对最慢衰减通道不敏感而更快弛豫？我们表明，这种机制在局部退相受约束里德堡链中产生了强大的量子姆潘巴效应。关键在于，对于受约束的单自旋翻转哈密顿量，局部退相使哈密顿量本身成为精确的左刘维尔慢模，即$\mathcal L^\dagger(H)=-\gamma H$。热态通常保留此慢通道，而能量期望为零的平移不变态则消除它并被迫通过更快的可见模式弛豫。这种精确选择规则在局部退相的PXP链中产生了强量子姆潘巴效应，包括零能量疤痕本征态、$|0\cdots0\rangle$积态和平移不变的$Z_2$猫态。我们还表明，相同机制在(2,3)模型和长程阻塞族中持续存在。我们的结果确定精确慢模选择而非特殊疤痕波函数是受约束开放量子系统中异常快速弛豫的一般组织原则。
英文摘要
CStrong quantum Mpemba acceleration requires suppressing the slowest visible Liouvillian relaxation channel, but a robust many-body mechanism for enforcing such suppression remains challenging. We identify such a mechanism in locally dephased constrained Rydberg chains through exact slow-mode selection. For constrained single-spin-flip Hamiltonians, local dephasing turns the Hamiltonian itself into an exact left Liouvillian eigenmode, $\mathcal L^\dagger(H)=-γH$. A finite-temperature reference state generically overlaps with this $H$-like slow mode, whereas translationally invariant states with $\mathrm{Tr}(Hρ_0)=0$ remove it and are confined to the $Q=0$ operator sector. When the next visible $Q=0$ mode decays faster, these selected states exhibit a strong quantum Mpemba effect. We demonstrate this mechanism in the PXP chain for a zero-energy scar eigenstate, the all-zero product state, and a translation-invariant $Z_2$ cat state, and show that it persists in the $(2,3)$ model and the longer-range blockade family. Our results identify Liouvillian mode visibility, rather than special scar wave functions, as the organizing principle for anomalously fast relaxation in constrained open quantum systems.
