发表机构
School of Software Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; School of Electronic Information Engineering, South China University of Technology; Key Laboratory of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Information Processing, Anyang Normal University（华中科技大学软件学院; 华南理工大学电子信息学院; 安阳师范学院甲骨文信息处理重点实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对约3000个未破译甲骨文字符的问题，提出受人工工作流程启发的AlphaOracle框架，经多阶段管道进行甲骨文破译，与专家解读高度一致，还能减少分析时间，为甲骨文及其他未破译文字研究提供参考。
AI 中文摘要
由于铭文残缺和证据稀少，4500个甲骨文字符中约有3000个仍未被破译。当前的人工智能方法无法复制整合形式分析、上下文语义和文献学推理的专家工作流程。我们引入了AlphaOracle，这是一个受人工工作流程启发的框架，它使用迄今为止最大的数字化语料库将甲骨文破译系统化。其多阶段管道包括：（i）拓片解析；（ii）基于部首的形态分析和历时建模；（iii）上下文检索与语义对齐；（iv）对照经典文献进行文献学验证。每个阶段都会生成明确的、带有置信度权重的证据链，最终生成可供学术验证的可解释报告。在多个测试字符上，AlphaOracle的解读与专家解读高度一致。在对86位领域专家的研究中，它将分析时间减少了64%，79%的参与者认为它非常有用。值得注意的是，AlphaOracle将字符“老”解析为地名或氏族名称，为商代行政和社会解读提供了具体修订。这些结果表明，与文献学实践相结合的计算方法可以促进甲骨文研究，并为其他未破译文字的研究提供概念参考。
英文摘要
Approximately 3,000 of the 4,500 oracle bone script (OBS) characters remain undeciphered due to fragmentary inscriptions and sparse evidence. Current AI approaches fail to replicate expert workflows that integrate form analysis, contextual semantics, and philological reasoning. We introduce AlphaOracle, a human-workflow-inspired framework that systematizes OBS decipherment using the largest digitized corpus to date. Its multi-stage pipeline comprises: (i) rubbing parsing; (ii) radical-based morphological analysis with diachronic modeling; (iii) contextual retrieval with semantic alignment; and (iv) philological validation against classical sources. Each stage generates explicit, confidence-weighted evidence chains, culminating in interpretable reports for scholarly verification. Across multiple test characters, AlphaOracle's readings strongly agreed with expert interpretations. In a study of 86 domain specialists, it reduced analysis time by 64% and 79% of participants rated it highly useful. Notably, AlphaOracle resolves the character "Lao" as a toponymic or clan designation, offering concrete revisions to Shang administrative and social interpretations. These results suggest that computational methods aligned with philological practice can facilitate OBS research and provide a conceptual reference for studies of other undeciphered scripts.
CommentsAccepted by The Innovation 2026
Journal refThe Innovation 7(11), 101462, 2026
DOI：10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101462
