AI 中文总结
研究基于双光子聚合在薄膜铌酸锂上设计三维端射天线阵列用于光束转向，解决传统OPA设计权衡问题。通过提升聚合物天线实现二维光束转向并保持宽带优势，模拟展示高效传输及特定视场与波束宽度，为3D光子相控阵奠定基础。
AI 中文摘要
光学相控阵（OPAs）是新兴光子技术（如激光雷达、光通信和自适应光学）中固态光束转向的关键组件。然而，传统集成OPA设计在带宽、转向范围和制造复杂性之间面临权衡。本文设计并数值分析了一种新型三维端射天线阵列，它可直接在薄膜铌酸锂（TFLN）平台上通过双光子聚合（2PP）制造。将聚合物天线提升到芯片表面上方，该设计可实现二维光束转向，同时保持端射发射的宽带优势。全波电磁模拟表明，在1.4至1.6微米波长范围内，传输效率高达89.5%，实现了24.9°×22.8°的视场，波束宽度约为1.7°。该架构与电光相位控制和先进阵列配置的兼容性表明其在高速、低损耗光束转向系统中有巨大潜力。这项工作为可扩展的3D光子相控阵奠定了基础，将集成光学与自由空间光束操纵联系起来。
英文摘要
Optical phased arrays (OPAs) are key components for solid-state beam steering in emerging photonic technologies such as LiDAR, optical communication, and adaptive optics. However, conventional integrated OPA designs face trade-offs between bandwidth, steering range, and fabrication complexity. Here we designed and numerically analyzed a novel three-dimensional end-firing antenna array compatible with fabrication using two-photon polymerization (2PP) directly on a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. By elevating the polymer antennas above the chip surface, the design enables two-dimensional beam steering while maintaining the broadband advantages of end-fire emission. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations demonstrate transmission efficiencies up to 89.5\% over the \SIrange{1.4}{1.6}{\micro\meter} wavelength range, achieving a field of view of \ang{24.9} $\times$ \ang{22.8} with beamwidths of approximately \ang{1.7}. The architecture's compatibility with electro-optic phase control and advanced array configurations suggests significant potential for high-speed, low-loss beam steering systems. This work establishes a foundation for scalable 3D photonic phased arrays that bridge integrated optics with free-space beam manipulation.
