用于分布式环境监测的可生物降解毫米级发光传感器——功能性小精灵尘埃
Biodegradable, Millimeter-Scale Light-Emitting Sensors for Distributed Environmental Monitoring-Functional Pixie Dust
AI总结：
针对自然环境监测方法局限，提出功能性小精灵尘埃传感器概念，结合化学诱导发光等技术，利用可降解材料，经比率测量方案，实现对pH、Hg2+和NO2-等的分布式测量，为环境传感建立新框架。
AI中文摘要：
由于对迅速增加的人为活动进行可持续管理的迫切需求，跨自然环境的大面积精确监测方法备受关注。现有方法存在局限，本文引入功能性小精灵尘埃（fPD）传感器概念，通过化学诱导发光和化学响应光学滤光元件结合克服诸多限制。该漂浮装置可追踪水流并测量关键化学物质浓度，采用可降解材料，经空间和光谱分辨的比率测量方案确保稳健运行。演示了对pH、Hg2+和NO2-的分布式测量，结果为使用可降解、自供电微系统进行环境传感建立了框架。
英文摘要：
Methods for large-area, precise monitoring across natural environments are of growing interest due to pressing needs for sustainable management of rapidly increasing anthropogenic activities. Established approaches involve sparse spatial sampling and/or sequential measurements, while emerging techniques exploit miniaturized electronics or passive optical methods. Various constraints in scalability, costs, robustness, operational range and other factors create a need for alternatives. Here, we introduce a concept that overcomes many of these limitations through the combined use of chemically induced light emission and chemically responsive optical filter elements in millimeter-scale systems that we refer to as functional pixie dust (fPD) sensors, designed specifically for monitoring natural water systems during nighttime to eliminate background optical interference and to enhance remote analysis. These floating devices act as Lagrangian tracers to follow surface flows and to simultaneously measure the concentrations of key chemical species along their trajectories. Optimized designs exploit environmentally compatible constituent materials that are also degradable through natural processes to benign end products, thereby eliminating the need for recovery. Spatially and spectrally resolved ratiometric measurement schemes ensure robust operation and ability to address practical requirements in range, operational lifetime, time response and sensitivity. Demonstrations include distributed measurements of pH, Hg2+, and NO2-, each of relevance to industrial discharge, toxic metal contamination, and nitrogen-rich runoff, adapted for static concentration gradients, flow-driven transport conditions, and outdoor aquatic settings. The results establish a framework for environmental sensing using degradable, self-powered microsystems capable of scalable deployment and remote readout.
