AI 中文总结
研究利用冷俘获离子对弱交变电信号的高固有灵敏度，结合拍频技术与注入锁定声子激光振荡，实现对30kHz至３00kHz低频电场信号的精确检测，灵敏度达404μV/(m·Hz1/2)，检测限为61.5μV/m，为相关应用开辟道路。
AI 中文摘要
精确测量30kHz至300kHz的低频电场（LFEF）信号对基础科学和实际应用都至关重要。传统电磁天线因LFEF波长过长，尺寸受限，导致测量灵敏度降低。利用冷俘获离子对弱交变电信号的高固有灵敏度，通过库仑相互作用，展示了一种由注入锁定的40Ca+离子在表面电极阱中作用的单离子声子激光传感器。结合拍频技术与注入锁定声子激光振荡，无需边带冷却即可从单次测量中同时提取频率、相位和幅度。该方法对LFEF信号的检测灵敏度为404μV/(m·Hz1/2)，检测限为61.5μV/m，且对噪声具有显著鲁棒性。有助于实现低频领域实用单原子传感器，为地下通信、精密计量、质谱分析和生物医学监测等应用开辟道路。
英文摘要
Precision measurement of low-frequency electric field (LFEF) signals with frequency from 30 kHz to 300 kHz is crucial for advancing both fundamental science and practical applications, owing to their unique frequency regime. For conventional electromagnetic antennas, the long wavelength (i.e., several kilometers) of the LFEF leads to a severe size constraint that efficient radiation becomes challenging to achieve when the antenna size is much smaller than the long wavelength of the LFEF signals, which in turn results in a reduction of measurement sensitivity and compromises antenna's performance. By exploiting the high intrinsic sensitivity of cold trapped ions to weak alternating electric signals via Coulomb interaction, we demonstrate a single-ion phonon laser sensor acted by an injection-locked 40Ca+ ion confined in a surface-electrode trap. Combining the beat frequency technique with the injection-locked phonon laser oscillation, we demonstrate a practical and efficient approach for simultaneous extraction of the frequency, phase, and amplitude from a single measurement, without the need for sideband cooling. This approach achieves precision detection for LFEF signals with the sensitivity of 404 uV/(m * Hz1/2) and the detection limit of 61.5 uV/m. Besides, this approach also shows remarkable robustness against noise. Our study helps realizing practical single-atom sensors in the low-frequency regime, opening avenues for applications in subsurface communication, precision metrology, mass spectrometry, and biomedical monitoring.
Comments8 pages, 4 figures
