一种分阶段开发框架，实现具有现场电网跟随和电网形成能源架构的可持续人工智能数据中心的孤岛运行
A Phased Development Framework Enabling Islanded Operation of Sustainable AI Data Centers With Onsite Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Energy Architectures
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- Black & Veatch（Black & Veatch公司）
- Centre for New Energy Transition Research (CfNETR) at Federation University（联邦大学新能源转型研究中心）
- University of Central Missouri（中央莫伊大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
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中文总结 AI 辅助
针对人工智能数据中心通过EPC流程可扩展部署的挑战，提出分阶段开发框架，采用模块化建设架构，结合电磁暂态模拟评估性能，探讨向全电网互连过渡及不同条件下的控制策略，助力数据中心可持续运行。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
随着超大规模和托管式人工智能数据中心不断扩张，电网需支持大量集中负载。当前研究对人工智能数据中心环境和运营影响及作为电网交互资产的潜力关注较多，但对其通过工程、采购和施工（EPC）流程进行可扩展部署的挑战关注有限。本文提出人工智能数据中心扩展的分阶段开发框架，旨在让开发者满足上市时间目标，应对互连审批和设备采购等多年限制。给出模块化建设架构，详细分析综合能源系统及混合现场发电在支持容量增长中的作用。用电磁暂态模拟（EMT）评估系统性能，表明现场天然气发电和电网形成储能组合能在早期和中期可靠支持数据中心运行。研究还探讨向全电网互连过渡，包括数据中心在电网故障时孤岛运行能力。最后比较不同条件下系统重新连接和恢复的电网形成控制策略。
英文摘要
As hyperscale and colocation AI data centers continue to expand, the electric grid is increasingly required to support large, concentrated loads, with individual facilities ranging from 500 MW to 2 GW. Current projections estimate that approximately 50 GW of AI data center capacity will require grid connectivity in the United States by 2030. While prior research has extensively examined the environmental and operational impacts of AI data centers, as well as their potential role as grid-interactive assets, limited attention has been given to the challenges associated with their scalable deployment through engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) processes. This manuscript addresses this gap by proposing a phased development framework for AI data center expansion. The approach is designed to enable developers to meet aggressive time-to-market objectives while navigating multi-year constraints associated with interconnection approvals and lead times associated with the procurement of component equipment. A modular construction architecture is presented, along with a detailed analysis of integrated energy systems and the role of hybrid on-site generation in supporting incremental capacity growth. Electromagnetic transient simulations (EMT) are used to evaluate system performance, demonstrating that a combination of on-site natural gas generation and grid-forming energy storage can reliably support data center operations during early and intermediate deployment phases. The study further examines the transition to full grid interconnection, including the capability of the data center to operate in islanded mode during grid disturbances. Finally, the manuscript compares grid-forming control strategies for system reconnection and restoration under varying conditions.
