AI 中文总结
研究动态频谱共享中现有方案的隐私和问责问题，提出SpexPay框架，集成多种技术实现隐私保护即付即用频谱使用，通过原型展示其低延迟、低成本，适用于实际部署，还评估了对边缘硬件的适用性。
AI 中文摘要
动态频谱共享是下一代无线系统的基石，但现有解决方案如频谱接入系统依赖集中管理员，暴露敏感操作元数据且缺乏加密交易问责制。随着动态频谱共享向开放大规模频谱市场发展，面临隐私和问责挑战。我们提出SpexPay，一个隐私保护且可审计的即付即用频谱使用框架，能在不暴露用户身份的情况下强制执行细粒度、与使用相关的支付。Spexpay集成了BBS+可验证凭证、不可链接会话假名和选择性披露证明来实施隐私保护访问授权，利用基于Solidity的智能合约实现自动且不可抵赖的托管结算。通过仅在链上记录假名使用证据和哈希链计量数据，系统实现了强大的不可链接性，同时保持可验证的问责性和可审计性。完整原型展示了低的端到端延迟（约150毫秒）和适度的链上成本（约603K gas或约0.9美元），表明SpexPay对实际动态频谱共享部署是可行的。我们还在Raspberry Pi 5上评估了用户端加密操作，以评估其对边缘类硬件的可扩展性和适用性。我们的代码和工件可通过此https URL公开获取。
英文摘要
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) is a cornerstone of next-generation wireless systems, yet existing solutions such as Spectrum Access Systems (SAS) rely on centralized administrators that expose sensitive operational metadata and lack cryptographic transaction accountability. Though SAS administrators, such as Google, have introduced pay-as-you-go pricing models, these approaches still face significant privacy and accountability challenges as DSS evolves toward a more open and large-scale spectrum marketplace. We present SpexPay, a privacy-preserving and auditable pay-as-you-go spectrum usage framework that enforces fine-grained, usage-linked payments without revealing user identities. Spexpay integrates BBS+ verifiable credentials, unlinkable session pseudonyms, and selective-disclosure proofs to enforce privacy-preserving access authorization, while leveraging Solidity-based smart contracts to realize automated and non-repudiable escrow settlement. By recording only pseudonymous usage evidence and hash-chained metering data on-chain, the system achieves strong unlinkability while preserving verifiable accountability and auditability. A full prototype demonstrates low end-to-end latency ($\approx$150 ms) and modest on-chain cost ($\approx$603K gas or $\approx$\$0.9), showing that SpexPay is practical for real-world DSS deployments. We also evaluated the user-side cryptographic operations on a Raspberry Pi 5 to assess scalability and suitability for edge-class hardware. Our code and artifacts are publicly available at https://github.com/iambarat/SpexPay.
Comments20 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables
