超级牛仔裤碎片化与供应受限吸积：低质量和高质量核心的环境依赖协同演化
Super-Jeans Fragmentation and Supply-Limited Accretion: Environment-Dependent Co-Evolution of Low- and High-Mass Cores
AI总结：
研究高质量恒星形成区域中原恒星核心形成与生长，分析839个核心质量，发现质量比例关系及基尼系数变化，提出环境依赖碎片化图景，表明非平稳密度调节碎片化和供应受限吸积驱动核心星团协同演化。
AI中文摘要：
在高质量恒星形成区域中，原恒星核心的形成和生长仍是理解大质量恒星诞生的关键。我们分析了针对39个大质量红外暗云团块的ASHES项目中839个核心（在几千天文单位尺度上解析）的质量。三个最大质量核心的质量与总核心质量呈线性比例关系，沿质量增长序列保持约25%、16%和10%的恒定质量分数，这表明注定成为高质量核心的前身种子很早就确立了质量优势。此外，核心质量分布的基尼系数沿质量增长序列增加，证实低质量核心的相对数量在后期增加。这指向一种环境依赖的碎片化图景：在高密度、湍流中心快速、非平稳的质量积累下，中心的原恒星种子通过输运驱动的超级牛仔裤碎片化迅速演化为高质量核心，随后通过供应受限的同步生长保持主导地位（在R<1 pc，n_H2>10^5 cm^-3时），而周围低质量核心的形成由于较低的气体密度和缺乏非平稳流入加速效应而相对延迟，导致它们在低密度包层中通过类Jeans碎片化持续出现。此图景与以局部自由落体时间为控制因素的引力驱动情景一致。我们的分析表明，非平稳密度调节的碎片化和供应受限的吸积共同驱动核心星团的同步协同演化，将小尺度核心生长与大尺度储库调节无缝连接。
英文摘要：
Protostellar core formation and growth in high-mass star-forming regions remain key to understanding massive star birth. We analyze the masses of 839 cores (resolved at scales of a few thousand au) from the ASHES project targeting 39 massive infrared dark cloud clumps. The masses of the three most massive cores scale linearly with the total core mass. They maintain a constant mass fraction of ~25%, 16%, and 10% along the mass growth sequence. These fractions reveal that the progenitor seeds destined to become high-mass cores establish their mass dominance very early. Additionally, the Gini coefficient (a statistical measure of inequality) of the core mass distributions increases along the mass growth sequence, confirming that the relative population of low-mass cores builds up toward later stages. This points to an environment-dependent fragmentation picture: central prestellar seeds rapidly evolve into high-mass cores via transport-driven super-Jeans fragmentation under rapid, non-stationary mass accumulation in high-density, turbulent hubs, subsequently maintain their dominance through supply-limited synchronized growth (at R<1 pc, n_H2>10^5 cm^-3), while the formation of the surrounding low-mass cores is relatively delayed due to their lower gas densities and the lack of non-stationary inflow acceleration effect, resulting in their continuous emergence through Jeans-like fragmentation in lower-density envelopes. This picture is consistent with a gravity-driven scenario where the local free-fall time is the controlling factor. Our analysis suggests that non-stationary density-regulated fragmentation and supply-limited accretion jointly drive the synchronized co-evolution of the core cluster, seamlessly linking small-scale core growth with large-scale reservoir regulation.
