有效作用形式下致密夸克物质对偶对称性的详细研究
Detailed study of the dual symmetry of dense quark matter within the effective action formalism
AI总结：
研究了无质量(3 + 1)维NJL和QCD模型中致密夸克物质相图对称性质，证明在特定化学势下模型拉格朗日量及配分函数路径积分测度在对偶变换D下不变，得出CSB和PC相具有对偶对称性及该性质对相结构研究有重要意义的结论。
AI中文摘要：
在无质量(3 + 1)维南布 - 乔纳 - 拉西尼奥（NJL）和量子色动力学（QCD）模型框架下，研究了由具有三种颜色的u和d夸克组成的致密夸克物质相图的对称性质。结果表明，在重子化学势μB、同位旋化学势μI、手征化学势μ5和手征同位旋化学势μI5存在时，这些模型的拉格朗日量在所谓的对偶变换D下不变。本文证明了相应配分函数的路径积分测度在D下也不变，从而整个NJL模型（或QCD）热力学势具有对偶对称性。这意味着在这些模型的总(μB,μI,μ5,μI5)相图中，手征对称性破缺（CSB）和带电π介子凝聚（PC）相彼此对偶共轭（或对称）排列。夸克物质CSB和带电PC相之间的对偶对称性是无质量致密QCD的基本性质，应在QCD相图的任何近似框架中观察到，并对相结构研究有重要意义。
英文摘要：
The symmetry properties of the phase diagram of dense quark matter composed of $u$ and $d$ quarks with three colors have been investigated in the framework of massless (3+1)-dimensional Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) and QCD models. It turns out that in the presence of baryon $μ_B$, isospin $μ_I$, chiral $μ_5$ and chiral isospin $μ_{I5}$ chemical potentials, the Lagrangians of these models are invariant under the so-called dual transformation ${\cal D}$. In this paper, it has been shown that the path integration measure of the corresponding partition functions is also invariant under ${\cal D}$. Consequently, the entire NJL model (or QCD) thermodynamic potentials are dually symmetric. In particular, it means that in the total $(μ_B,μ_I,μ_5,μ_{I5})$-phase portraits of these models the chiral symmetry breaking (CSB) and charged pion condensation (PC) phases are arranged dually conjugate (or symmetrically) to each other. Dual symmetry between CSB and charged PC phases of quark matter is a fundamental property of massless dense QCD; it should be observed in the framework of any approximation to the QCD phase diagram, and have important implications for studies of the phase structure.
