SATLOCK：用于低地球轨道星座上抗天气量子密钥分发的切换耦合调度
SATLOCK: Handover-Coupled Scheduling for Weather-Resilient Quantum Key Distribution over LEO Constellations
AI总结：
研究低地球轨道卫星星座上量子密钥分发路由难题，提出SATLOCK框架，结合综合信道模型、整数线性规划和去中心化深度Q网络，评估不同竞争模式下性能，ILP给出吞吐量上限，DQN智能体学习策略但受跨需求协调限制。
AI中文摘要：
在低地球轨道（LEO）卫星星座上进行量子密钥路由比经典路由更具挑战性：卫星切换会耦合连续的调度决策，随机云层覆盖可能使地面链路静默归零，有限密钥效应会完全消除短的、低仰角的链路。我们提出了SATLOCK，这是一个切换感知量子密钥分发（QKD）路由框架，它结合了：（i）一个综合信道模型，包括大气损耗、指向抖动、马尔可夫云层覆盖、诱骗态估计和有限密钥校正；（ii）一个整数线性规划（ILP），给出了一个可证明的切换感知吞吐量上限；（iii）一个用于天气自适应在线路由的去中心化深度Q网络（DQN）基线。我们在一个满足洲际需求的沃克星座上评估了两种竞争模式。在低竞争（16颗卫星，6个需求）下，ILP提供1311 Mbit，而最强的启发式算法达到ILP的95%-96%。在高竞争（8颗卫星，12个需求）下，切换变得具有约束力，启发式算法降至ILP的89.5%。DQN智能体在两种模式下分别达到ILP的91.8%和84.6%；它学习了有效的按需天气策略，但由于缺乏跨需求协调，总体上受到限制。
英文摘要：
Routing quantum keys over low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellations is harder than classical routing: satellite handovers couple consecutive scheduling decisions, stochastic cloud cover can silently zero a ground link, and finite-key effects eliminate short, low-elevation passes entirely. We present SATLOCK, a handover-aware Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) routing framework that combines (i) a composite channel model incorporating atmospheric loss, pointing jitter, Markov cloud cover, decoy-state estimation, and finite-key correction; (ii) an integer linear program (ILP) giving a provable handover-aware throughput upper bound; and (iii) a decentralized deep Q-network (DQN) baseline for weather-adaptive online routing. We evaluate two contention regimes on a Walker constellation serving intercontinental demands. In low contention (16 satellites, 6 demands), the ILP delivers 1,311 Mbit while the strongest heuristics reach 95--96\% of ILP. In high contention (8 satellites, 12 demands), where handovers become binding, heuristics drop to 89.5\% of ILP. The DQN agent reaches 91.8\% and 84.6\% of ILP in the two regimes; it learns effective per-demand weather policies but is limited in aggregate by the lack of cross-demand coordination.
