中子星的状态方程
The equation of state for neutron stars
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中文总结 AI 辅助
介绍中子星及合并的状态方程，先简述中子星内部，再对描述其的理论框架作历史概述，涵盖相对论形式体系等，还概述对致密物质的理解及未来十年该领域进展。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本章旨在介绍致密物质以及中子星及其合并的状态方程。首先简要描述了中子星内部结构，接着对用于描述它们的理论框架进行历史概述，重点是相对论形式体系，包括不同自由度、模型、对称性和相。还概述了我们目前对致密物质的理解（包括理论、实验和观测），并讨论了未来十年该领域有望取得的进展。
英文摘要
This chapter is intended as an introduction to dense matter and the equation of state of neutron stars and their mergers. It begins with a brief description of neutron star interiors, followed by a historical overview of the theoretical frameworks used to describe them focusing on relativistic formalisms, including different degrees of freedom, models, symmetries, and phases. It also provides an overview of our current understanding of dense matter (including theory, experiments, and observations) and discusses the advances we expect to see in the field over the next decade.
