在OpenFAST中使用调谐质量阻尼惯量器对海上风力涡轮机进行结构振动控制：实现、验证与说明
Structural Vibration Control of Offshore Wind Turbines Using Tuned Mass Damper Inerter in OpenFAST: Implementation, Validation, and Illustration
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究利用调谐质量阻尼惯量器（TMDI）控制海上风力涡轮机结构振动，在OpenFAST中推导并实现运动控制方程，经验证准确。应用于IEA 15MW风力机，结果显示轻质TMDI减振效果好、行程小，支持其在实际振动控制中的应用及性能驱动设计。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
调谐质量阻尼惯量器（TMDI）是一种通过利用惯量器装置的惯性特性来抑制结构振动的被动式减振器。以往研究证明了TMDI在风力涡轮机中的有效性，但依赖简化结构模型。本文通过在OpenFAST中实现TMDI来填补这一空白。推导并在结构控制模块中实现运动控制方程，支持任意TMDI连接和跨涡轮部件的独立多向配置。通过与独立数值模型验证，确认了该实现的准确性。应用研究考察了配备塔顶TMDI的IEA 15MW参考风力涡轮机在风浪联合载荷下的情况。使用简化的二自由度模型进行优化调谐，模态特性从IEA 15MW的OpenSeesPy有限元模型中提取。结果表明，二次质量比传统TMD小100倍的TMDI在塔顶位移和加速度的峰值和标准差方面，在前后和左右方向上实现了匹配或更好的振动抑制。与TMD相比，TMDI行程显著减小，更适合空间受限的风力涡轮机环境。这些结果支持了轻质TMDI在风力涡轮机振动控制中的实际优点，OpenFAST实现能够在实际载荷条件下进行性能驱动设计。
英文摘要
The tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) is a passive vibration absorber that suppresses structural vibrations by leveraging the inertance property of inerter devices. Previous studies have demonstrated TMDI effectiveness in wind turbines, but relied on simplified structural models. To date, no study has implemented multi-directional TMDIs within aero-hydro-servo-elastic tools such as OpenFAST to enable independent vibration control across multiple turbine components, including the tower, blades, and substructure. This paper addresses this gap by implementing the TMDI in OpenFAST. The governing equations of motion are derived and implemented within the Structural Control (StC) Module, supporting arbitrary TMDI connectivity and independent multi-directional configurations across turbine components. Verification against independent numerical models confirms the implementation's accuracy across all supported configurations. An application study examines the IEA 15MW reference wind turbine equipped with a tower-top TMDI under combined wind-wave loading. Optimal tuning is performed using a simplified two-degree-of-freedom model, with modal properties extracted from an OpenSeesPy finite element model of the IEA 15MW. Results show that TMDIs with secondary mass up to 100 times smaller than a conventional TMD achieve matching or superior vibration suppression in the fore-aft and side-side directions, in terms of peak and standard deviation of tower-top displacement and acceleration. Notably, TMDI stroke is markedly reduced compared to the TMD, better suiting the spatially constrained wind turbine environment. These results support the practical merit of lightweight TMDIs for wind turbine vibration control, with the OpenFAST implementation enabling performance-driven design under realistic loading conditions.
