量子功统计中单次与两次功协议的操作关系及测量分辨率诱导的转变
Operational Relation Between One-Time and Two-Time Work Protocols and Measurement-Resolution-Induced Transitions in Quantum Work Statistics
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究建立量子功统计中OTM与TTM协议的操作联系，通过经典后处理从TTM数据重建OTM功值，揭示相干信息潜藏其中。在驱动二能级系统中发现分辨率驱动的统计转变，可进行相干量化，并在氮空位中心平台展示了实验可及性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们建立了量子功统计的单次测量（OTM）和两次测量（TTM）协议之间的直接操作联系，表明包括相干特征的OTM功值可通过经典后处理从标准TTM数据重建，无需修改实验设置。这揭示了通常归因于OTM方案的相干信息已潜藏在TTM数据中，经自然后处理步骤后变得明确。对于受有限分辨率能量测量的驱动二能级系统，这种重建揭示了功分布中的分辨率驱动统计转变：投影和弱测量产生平滑分布，中间分辨率产生非解析结构，其特征由动力学和临界测量分辨率决定。我们表明OTM功分布的非解析性表现为特定功值处的平方根发散峰，且这些奇点之间的间距是可通过实验获取的量，在临界分辨率下以通用指数消失。控制转变的相同动力学量还编码了驱动态的相干相对熵，从而仅通过能量测量就能进行相干量化。我们在具有从当前实验获取参数的氮空位中心平台上展示了实验可及性，转变的两侧和相干特征都在现有技术范围内。
英文摘要
We establish a direct operational connection between the one-time measurement (OTM) and two-time measurement (TTM) protocols for quantum work statistics, showing that OTM work values, including coherence signatures, can be reconstructed from standard TTM data through classical post-processing without any modification of the experimental setup. This reveals that coherence information commonly attributed to OTM schemes is already latent within TTM data and becomes explicit upon a natural post-processing step. For a driven two-level system subject to finite-resolution energy measurements, this reconstruction unveils a resolution-driven statistical transition in the work distribution: whereas projective and weak measurements yield smooth distributions, intermediate resolutions produce non-analytic structures whose character is determined by the dynamics and a critical meter resolution. We show that the non-analyticity of the OTM work distribution takes the form of square-root divergent peaks at specific work values, and that the separation between these singular points is an experimentally accessible quantity that vanishes at the critical resolution with a universal exponent. The same dynamical quantities that govern the transition also encode the relative entropy of coherence of the driven state, enabling coherence quantification from energy measurements alone. We demonstrate experimental accessibility in a nitrogen-vacancy center platform with parameters drawn from current experiments, where both sides of the transition and the coherence signatures are within reach of existing technology.
