μ子对撞机：预期物理、技术解决方案以及在UNK场地建造21公里环形对撞机的前景
The muon collider: expected physics, technological solutions, and the prospect of a 21 km ring at the UNK site
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文综述多TeVμ子对撞机的预期物理成果、使能技术现状，探讨在21公里UNK隧道建造该对撞机的前景，其兼具质子对撞机能量范围与轻子对撞机纯净末态，还介绍了强μ子束的非对撞机应用。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
一个多TeV的μ子对撞机已成为LHC之后能量前沿最具吸引力的选择之一。由于μ子是一种基本粒子，其辐射的同步加速器功率比相同能量的电子少约10^9倍，圆形μ子对撞机能在非常紧凑的环中将全部束流能量传递给硬碰撞，兼具100 TeV级质子对撞机的能量范围和轻子对撞机的纯净末态。本综述总结了预期的物理结果，包括希格斯耦合和自耦合、电弱及矢量玻色子融合过程、顶夸克、广泛的超出标准模型的计划以及弱电WIMP暗物质热窗口的近乎完全闭合，还介绍了使能技术的现状，强调了针对每个挑战的解决方式及文档记录位置，如μ子产生、电离冷却、快速加速、高场高温超导磁体、机器探测器接口和中微子通量约束。在此基础上，本综述探讨了在普罗特维诺附近现有的21公里UNK隧道中建造μ子对撞机的前景，其磁刚度关系将实际弧场映射到质心能量约为10 - 20 TeV，使用传统偶极子可达到IMCC 10 TeV参考值，使用高温超导偶极子则可超过该值。最后讨论了这种设施所产生的强μ子束的非对撞机应用，如μ子催化聚变、μ子成像、μ子原子同位素分析和μ子自旋光谱学，其中一些在俄罗斯物理研究所有着悠久的传统。
英文摘要
A multi-TeV muon collider has emerged as one of the most compelling options for the post-LHC energy frontier. Because the muon is an elementary particle that radiates $\sim\!10^9$ times less synchrotron power than an electron of the same energy, a circular muon collider delivers the full beam energy to the hard collision in a remarkably compact ring, combining the energy reach of a $100$~TeV-class proton machine with the clean final states of a lepton collider. This review summarizes the expected physics results -- Higgs couplings and self-couplings, electroweak and vector-boson-fusion processes, the top quark, a broad beyond-the-Standard Model programme, and a near-complete closure of the thermal window for electroweak WIMP dark matter -- and the status of the enabling technologies, emphasizing for each challenge how it is being solved and where the solution is documented: muon production, ionization cooling (demonstrated in the transverse plane by MICE), rapid acceleration, high-field HTS magnets, the machine-detector interface, and the neutrino-flux constraint. Building on this foundation, this review examines the prospect of housing a muon collider in the existing 21~km UNK tunnel near Protvino, where the magnetic-rigidity relation maps realistic arc fields onto a centre-of-mass energy of order $10$-$20$ TeV -- reaching the IMCC 10~TeV reference with conventional dipoles and exceeding it with high-temperature-superconductor dipoles. It closes with a discussion of non-collider applications of the intense muon beams such a facility would develop -- muon-catalyzed fusion, muography, muonic-atom isotopic analysis, and muon spin spectroscopy -- several with a long tradition in the Russian physics institutes.
