AI 中文总结
研究边缘星系周围低表面亮度潮汐结构，通过分析SDSS的EGIS目录及Pan - STARRS的EGIPS目录中的星系样本，经统一图像处理和目视检查识别分类，发现发生率与此前观测一致，指出数值分辨率等对准确预测该结构丰度很关键。
AI 中文摘要
我们对两个边缘盘状星系的大样本中的低表面亮度（LSB）潮汐结构进行了统计研究。主要样本包括来自斯隆数字巡天（SDSS）边缘星系目录（EGIS）的5606个星系，使用暗能量调查遗产成像巡天（DESI）的成像数据进行分析，并辅以斯巴鲁战略计划（HSC - SSP）的超大型巡天相机（Hyper Suprime - Cam）数据和对选定目标的阿帕奇点天文台（APO）深度后续观测。为评估结果的稳健性，还研究了泛星计划（Pan - STARRS）边缘星系目录（EGIPS）中的14237个星系的独立样本。所有图像都采用针对微弱漫射发射检测进行优化的统一程序处理。通过目视检查识别潮汐结构并分类。在EGIS星系中检测到324个潮汐特征，EGIPS星系中检测到690个，发生率分别为5.8%和4.8%。将分析限制在完整性受限子样本中，发生率分别为6.4%和6.2%。在典型的DESI r波段表面亮度深度28.6 mag arcsec⁻²下，这些值与先前观测研究一致，但低于许多宇宙学模拟的预测。然而，最近的高分辨率模拟产生的发生率更接近此处测量值，表明数值分辨率、观测和仪器效应的逼真建模以及星系形成物理对于准确预测LSB潮汐结构的丰度都至关重要。
英文摘要
We present a statistical study of low-surface-brightness (LSB) tidal structures in two large samples of edge-on disk galaxies. Our primary sample comprises 5606 galaxies from the Edge-on Galaxies In SDSS (EGIS) catalog, analyzed using imaging from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys, supplemented by Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) data and deep Apache Point Observatory (APO) follow-up observations for selected objects. To assess the robustness of our results, we also examine an independent sample of 14,237 galaxies from the Edge-on Galaxies in the Pan-STARRS survey (EGIPS) catalog. All images were processed using a homogeneous procedure optimized for the detection of faint diffuse emission. Tidal structures were identified through visual inspection and classified into established morphological categories, with careful treatment of imaging artifacts and galactic cirrus contamination. We detected tidal features in 324 EGIS galaxies and 690 EGIPS galaxies, corresponding to incidence rates of 5.8% and 4.8%, respectively. Restricting the analysis to completeness-limited subsamples yields consistent fractions of 6.4% and 6.2%. At a typical DESI $r$-band surface-brightness depth of 28.6 mag arcsec$^{-2}$ these values are consistent with previous observational studies but lower than predictions from many cosmological simulations. Recent high-resolution simulations, however, produce incidence rates much closer to those measured here, suggesting that numerical resolution, realistic modeling of observational and instrumental effects, and galaxy formation physics are all critical for accurately predicting the abundance of LSB tidal structures.
Comments45 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MDPI Galaxies
Journal refGalaxies 2026, 14, 70
