AI 中文总结
研究爱因斯坦探针观测到的FXTs的引力波对应体可探测性，通过与GWTC-5候选者找时间巧合分析47个FXTs样本，未发现显著关联，在特定假设下设置排除距离约束，指出联合观测和探测器灵敏度提升可增强相关研究前景。
AI 中文摘要
爱因斯坦探针任务探测到的快速X射线瞬变源（FXTs）已成为一类迅速增长的河外瞬变源，其物理起源仍不确定。致密双星并合（CBC）系统被认为是这些事件中至少一部分的可能前身，这使得FXTs成为引力波（GW）观测多信使研究的有希望的目标。本文首次对爱因斯坦探针观测到的FXTs的GW对应体进行了系统研究，并评估了相关CBC的可探测性。我们聚焦于先进LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA探测器网络第四次观测运行后半段（O4b）期间探测到的FXTs，通过与第五次引力波瞬变目录（GWTC-5）中的GW候选者寻找时间巧合来进行研究。我们分析了47个FXTs样本，包括11个有测量红移的样本，并使用排序统计量评估FXTs与GW候选者之间关联的显著性。我们发现样本中没有与任何FXT显著相关的GW对应体。在未检测到的情况下，我们在双中子星和中子星-黑洞前身情景假设下设置了90%的排除距离约束。对于全LIGO和Virgo探测器网络的观测，典型的中值排除距离分别约为178 Mpc和349 Mpc。这些约束不支持附近致密双星合并起源。LVK和爱因斯坦探针更长时间的联合观测，结合改进的GW探测器灵敏度，将增强识别真正GW-FXT关联的前景，并对这些事件的前身情景施加更严格的约束。
英文摘要
Fast X-ray transients (FXTs) detected by the Einstein Probe mission have emerged as a rapidly growing class of extragalactic transients, whose physical origin remains uncertain. Compact binary coalescence (CBC) systems have been proposed as one possible progenitor for at least a subset of these events, making FXTs promising targets for multi-messenger studies with gravitational-wave (GW) observations. This work presents the first systematic investigation of GW counterparts to FXTs observed by Einstein Probe and assesses the detectability of associated CBC. We focus on FXTs detected during the second half of the fourth observing run (O4b) of the Advanced LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA detector network by searching for temporal coincidences with GW candidates from the fifth Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-5). We analyze a sample of 47 FXTs, including 11 with measured redshifts, and assess the significance of the association between FXTs and GW candidates using a ranking statistic. We find no significant GW counterpart associated with any FXT in our sample. In the absence of a detection, we place 90% exclusion-distance constraints under the assumptions of binary neutron star and neutron star-black hole progenitor scenarios. For observations with the full LIGO and Virgo detector network, the typical median exclusion distances are $\sim$178 Mpc and $\sim$349 Mpc, respectively. These constraints disfavor a nearby compact-binary merger origin. Longer periods of joint observations by the LVK and Einstein Probe, combined with improved GW detector sensitivity, will enhance the prospects for identifying genuine GW-FXT associations and place tighter constraints on the progenitor scenarios of these events.
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