AI 中文总结
研究工业自动化中无线通信技术集成带来安全威胁下，基于prEN 50742标准，对从IO-Link无线安全设备到PLC的控制链进行安全融合实证评估，测量不同网络的延迟等，揭示相关问题并表明专用5G能保持功能安全看门狗余量。
AI 中文摘要
工业自动化中无线通信技术的集成带来了更大灵活性，但也使安全系统面临更广泛的威胁。诸如标准草案prEN 50742等新兴法规要求在安全关键通信中直接采用加密安全机制，以实现功能安全和网络安全的融合。本文对从IO-Link无线安全设备经由OPC UA主干网到PLC的完整控制链上的这种安全融合进行了实证评估。我们测量了在prEN 50742标准下，通过以太网、Wi-Fi 6和专用5G网络的不同安全相关安全级别的延迟和抖动。结果表明，虽然加密执行时间可忽略不计，但由此产生的帧负载扩展严重限制了无线现场总线容量，使每个IO-Link无线轨道的最大设备数从8个减少到2个。此外，我们证明，与未授权的Wi-Fi 6不同，尽管专用5G的平均延迟较高，但它提供了足够确定性的延迟特性，以保持功能安全看门狗的余量。
英文摘要
The integration of wireless communication technologies in industrial automation offers greater flexibility, but also exposes safety systems to a broader threat vector. Emerging regulations, such as the draft standard prEN 50742, mandate the convergence of functional safety and cybersecurity by requiring cryptographic security mechanisms directly in safety-critical communication. This paper presents an empirical evaluation of this safety-security convergence across a complete control chain, spanning from an IO-Link Wireless Safety device to a PLC via an OPC UA backbone. We measure the latencies and jitter of different Safety-Related Security Levels under prEN 50742 over Ethernet, Wi-Fi 6, and private 5G. Our results reveal that while cryptographic execution time is negligible, the resulting frame payload expansion severely restricts wireless fieldbus capacity, reducing the maximum number of devices per IO-Link Wireless track from 8 to 2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, despite higher average latency, a private 5G provides sufficiently deterministic latency characteristics to preserve functional safety watchdog margins, unlike unlicensed Wi-Fi 6.
Comments6 pages, 1 figure, accepted for presentation at the 31st IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2026)
