AI 中文总结
研究六维可移动天线系统能量效率最大化问题，开发块坐标下降优化框架，结合Dinkelbach变换与主元最小化方法，仿真表明该设计比传统基准显著提升EE，揭示吞吐量与机械开销权衡。
AI 中文摘要
本文研究了配备六维可移动天线（6DMA）的多用户无线网络的能量效率（EE）最大化问题，其中天线的三维（3D）位置和方向被联合优化，以充分利用动态信道重新配置提供的额外空间自由度。然而，6DMA的实际操作会产生不可忽略的机械能消耗。此外，与方向相关的相位变化，以及天线位置、旋转角度、发射波束成形和时间分配之间的强耦合，使得所得问题高度非凸且在分析上具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一个块坐标下降（BCD）优化框架，该框架将Dinkelbach变换与主元最小化（MM）方法相结合，以有效地获得具有保证收敛性的高质量次优解。仿真结果表明，所提出的设计比传统基准实现了显著的EE改进，从而突出了在启用6DMA的系统中考虑实际机械能成本的关键重要性。此外，我们的结果揭示了吞吐量增强和机械开销之间的基本权衡：尽管更大的天线重新配置可以改善信道条件，但由于机械能消耗的增加，它们的EE增益逐渐减小。
英文摘要
This paper investigates the energy-efficiency (EE) maximization problem for a multiuser wireless network equipped with six-dimensional movable antennas (6DMAs), where the three-dimensional (3D) positions and orientations of the antennas are jointly optimized to fully exploit the additional spatial degrees of freedom offered by dynamic channel reconfiguration. However, the practical operation of 6DMAs incurs non-negligible mechanical energy consumption. Moreover, orientation-dependent phase variations, together with the strong coupling among antenna positions, rotation angles, transmit beamforming, and time allocation, render the resulting problem highly non-convex and analytically challenging. To address this issue, we develop a block coordinate descent (BCD) optimization framework that integrates Dinkelbach's transformation with the majorization-minimization (MM) approach to efficiently obtain a high quality suboptimal solution with guaranteed convergence. Simulation results unveil that the proposed design achieves significant EE improvements over conventional benchmarks, thereby highlighting the critical importance of accounting for practical mechanical energy costs in 6DMA enabled systems. Furthermore, our results reveal a fundamental trade-off between throughput enhancement and mechanical overhead: although larger antenna reconfigurations can improve channel conditions, their EE gains gradually diminish due to the increased mechanical energy consumption.
CommentsAccepted by 2026 IEEE PIMRC
