费米气体的等温压缩至深度量子简并
Isothermal compression of a Fermi gas to deep quantum degeneracy
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究利用双物种混合物中低耗散光学调谐阱的物种选择性捕获，通过等温压缩降低两组分费米子量子气体熵至深度量子简并，表征相关过程，为光学晶格等中直接冷却铺平道路，消除对绝热转换的依赖。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
产生深度简并量子气体的标准方法是在谐波阱中进行蒸发或交感冷却，之后气体达到最小熵。后续所有状态转换依赖于封闭系统的绝热变化，而与环境耦合或非绝热过程会使熵单调增加。本文表明，利用双物种混合物中低耗散光学调谐阱的物种选择性捕获可绕过这一实验范式。我们通过在玻色子浴中进行等温压缩，成功降低了两组分费米子量子气体的熵，达到\(T/T_F = 0.024^{+0.007}\)的深度量子简并，其中\(T_F\)为费米温度。通过表征跨维度弛豫和热化过程，我们证明即使在简并区域深处，用重玻色子冷却轻费米子仍高效快速，热化时间与\(T/T_F\)无关。我们的结果为在光学晶格、箱式阱或其他复杂势场中直接冷却铺平了道路，从而消除了对绝热状态转换以达到强相互作用多体区域的依赖。
英文摘要
The standard approach for generating deeply degenerate quantum gases is evaporative or sympathetic cooling in a harmonic trap, after which the gas has reached its minimum entropy. All subsequent state transformations rely on adiabatic changes of a closed system, and coupling to the environment or non-adiabatic processes monotonically increase the entropy. Here, we demonstrate that this experimental paradigm can be bypassed by utilizing species-selective trapping with a low-dissipation optical tune-out trap in a dual-species mixture. We successfully reduce the entropy of a two-component fermionic quantum gas via isothermal compression within a bosonic bath, reaching deep quantum degeneracy of $T/T_F = 0.024^{+0.007}$, with $T_F$ the Fermi temperature. By characterizing the cross-dimensional relaxation and thermalization, we demonstrate that cooling light fermions with heavy bosons remains efficient and fast, even deep in the degenerate regime, where the thermalization time is found to be independent of $T/T_F$. Our results pave the way for direct cooling within optical lattices, box traps, or other complex potentials, thereby eliminating the reliance on adiabatic state transformations to reach strongly interacting many-body regimes.
