AI 中文总结
该研究围绕X射线准周期爆发展开，全面概述其观测特征，包括光谱、定时特性等，讨论了总体趋势及与潮汐瓦解事件的联系，总结了对模型解释的观测限制，为理解这类核瞬变现象提供了多方面参考。
AI 中文摘要
准周期爆发（QPEs）是一类新型的重复核瞬变现象，迄今为止仅在X射线波段被发现。自2019年首次发现以来，QPE样本已增至13个源，呈现出与先前已知的大质量黑洞变异性模式不同的大振幅、准规则爆发变异性模式。本文全面概述了它们的观测特征，回顾了QPE爆发的X射线光谱和定时特性、长期演化以及潜在的宁静发射，讨论了总体趋势和选择偏差，还强调了QPE与潮汐瓦解事件之间的紧密联系，最后总结了对QPE模型解释的关键观测限制以及未来的观测挑战与机遇。
英文摘要
Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are a novel class of repeating nuclear transients, discovered exclusively in the X-ray band to date. Since their initial discovery in 2019, the QPE sample has grown to 13 sources, exhibiting large amplitude, quasi-regular eruptive variability patterns that are distinct from previously known modes of massive black hole variability. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive overview of their observational characteristics. We review the X-ray spectral and timing properties of QPE eruptions, their long-term evolution, as well as the underlying quiescent emission, which is well described by thermally dominated, compact accretion disks. We discuss population-level emerging trends and selection biases, and present an updated census of their host galaxy properties. We also highlight the growing body of evidence pointing to strong connections between QPEs and tidal disruption events. Finally, we briefly summarize the key observational constraints on proposed QPE model interpretations, before looking ahead to the observational challenges and opportunities that will shape future progress in understanding this emerging population of nuclear transients.
CommentsInvited review chapter for the book "Mysterious Repeating Signals from Centers of Galaxies" (Eds. Dheeraj Pasham, Eric Coughlin, Riccardo Arcodia, Petra Sukova, Itai Linial, Springer Singapore, expected in 2027). 39 pages, 11 figures
