艺术观看中的发散注视模式：自闭症个体、艺术家和神经典型观察者注意力的空间和时间特征
Divergent Gaze Patterns in Artistic Viewing: Spatial and Temporal Signatures of Attention Across Autistic Individuals, Artists, and Neurotypical Observers
- Université de Tours（图尔大学）
- Université d’Orléans（奥尔良大学）
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord（索邦巴黎北大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
研究比较自闭症成年人、艺术家和神经典型观察者观看画作的注视模式，通过有向度量框架从空间和时间轴分析，发现自闭症患者注视在时空上有独特特征，与其他两组不同，该研究为审美注意力模型提供依据并开源代码和结果。
AI中文摘要：
不同人群如何视觉探索艺术品与认知科学和无障碍设计相关，但自闭症的大多数眼动追踪研究使用社交场景而非艺术，且只分析眼睛落点，忽略时间和顺序。我们对自闭症成年人、训练有素的艺术家和神经典型观察者三组进行比较性自由观看研究，每组观看30幅画15秒。引入有向、基于度量的框架，沿空间和时间两个互补轴比较组间差异。空间轴通过六种显著性度量比较注视密度图，时间轴用多种方法比较个体扫描路径。结果表明：艺术家和神经典型者在空间和时间上几乎无差异，而自闭症患者的注视不同；自闭症患者注意力分散，空间探索类似艺术家，但时间特征独特；自闭症患者注视在任何度量上都不选择性地像艺术家，反而更接近神经典型者。这些发现表明自闭症患者观看艺术在时空上有独特、特定群体的注意力特征，推动了基于人群的审美注意力模型。我们发布了所有分析代码和每个刺激的结果。
英文摘要：
How different populations visually explore artworks bears on cognitive science and on accessibility design, yet most eye-tracking work in autism has used social scenes rather than art, and has analysed where the eyes land while ignoring when and in what order. We present a comparative free-viewing study across three groups, autistic adults (ASD), trained artists, and neurotypical observers, who each viewed 30 paintings for 15s. We introduce a directed, metric-grounded framework that compares groups along two complementary axes: a spatial axis, in which one group's fixation-density map predicts another's fixations under six saliency metrics (AUC-Judd, NSS, CC, SIM, KL, Information Gain); and a temporal axis, in which individual scanpaths are compared with MultiMatch, ScanMatch, a foveal-disc IoU score (FDISS), and dynamic time warping (DTW). Fixations are extracted uniformly for all groups with a dispersion-threshold algorithm. Three results converge. (i)Artists and neurotypicals are almost indistinguishable in both space (density-map correlation CC=0.96) and time (they form the most alignable scanpath pair), whereas ASD gaze diverges from both. (ii)ASD attention is dissociated: it matches artists' wide spatial exploration (dispersion, explored area) but carries a distinct temporal signature, shorter fixations, less dwell, and the most idiosyncratic (least self-consistent) scanpaths of any group. (iii)ASD gaze is not selectively artist-like on any metric; if anything it is marginally closer to neurotypical. Together these findings indicate that autistic viewing of art is a distinct, group-specific attentional profile in both space and time, and they motivate population-conditioned models of aesthetic attention. We release all analysis code and per-stimulus results.
