AI 中文总结
研究利用成像和拼接技术，开发BAT - GLIMPSE管道，实现对斯威夫特 - BAT数据中瞬变伽马射线源的低延迟定位。在伽马暴样本上验证性能良好，在引力波伽马射线对应体搜索中发挥关键作用，与其他管道协同可提高定位率，挖掘斯威夫特任务潜力。
AI 中文摘要
尼尔·盖勒斯·斯威夫特天文台的爆发警报望远镜（BAT）能够以弧分精度定位伽马射线瞬变源，实现快速多波长后续观测。然而，航天器 slew 期间机载触发被禁用，无法自主检测和定位这些间隔期间发生的瞬变。本文提出BAT - GLIMPSE，这是一个用于低延迟定位斯威夫特 - BAT数据中瞬变伽马射线源的完全自主、开源管道。利用BatAnalysis包，该管道结合编码掩膜成像和拼接技术，根据航天器姿态自动选择合适分析，在指向观测和航天器 slew 期间均可进行定位搜索。我们在GUANO通告中报告的66个伽马暴样本上验证了BAT - GLIMPSE的性能。该管道成功恢复了43个事件的弧分位置，与已发表的定位一致，典型偏移量$\lesssim5$弧分。约88%在航天器 slew 期间发生的伽马暴通过成像或拼接分析被恢复。在第四次LIGO - Virgo - KAGRA观测运行期间，BAT - GLIMPSE在寻找引力波的伽马射线对应体中发挥了关键作用，特别是对触发斯威夫特航天器以极低延迟 slew 的合并前警报做出响应。与NITRATES协同运行，BAT - GLIMPSE填补了 slew 间隔留下的关键空白，估计这两个管道将使斯威夫特 - BAT的机载弧分定位率提高一倍，释放斯威夫特任务在时域和多信使天体物理学方面的全部潜力。
英文摘要
The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) onboard the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory is capable of localizing gamma-ray transients with arcminute precision, enabling rapid multi-wavelength follow-up. However, onboard triggering is disabled during spacecraft slews, preventing the autonomous detection and localization of transients occurring during these intervals. We present here BAT-GLIMPSE, a fully autonomous, open-source pipeline for the low-latency localization of transient gamma-ray sources in Swift-BAT data. Making use of the BatAnalysis package, the pipeline combines coded-mask imaging and mosaic techniques, automatically selecting the appropriate analysis according to the spacecraft attitude and enabling localization searches during both pointing observations and spacecraft slews. We validate the performance of BAT-GLIMPSE on a sample of 66 GRBs reported in GUANO circulars. The pipeline successfully recovers arcminute positions for 43 events, consistent with published localizations, with typical offsets of $\lesssim5$ arcminutes. Approximately $88\%$ of the GRBs occurring during spacecraft slews are recovered through imaging or mosaic analyses. During the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run, the role of BAT-GLIMPSE was crucial in the search for gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational waves, particularly in response to pre-merger alerts which triggered the slew of the Swift spacecraft with extremely low latency. Operating synergistically with NITRATES, BAT-GLIMPSE fills the critical gap left by slew intervals and, together, the two pipelines are estimated to double the onboard arcminute-localization rate of Swift-BAT, unlocking the full potential of the Swift mission for time-domain and multi-messenger astrophysics.
