AI 中文总结
研究超流泡中磁单极子，通过大量量子涡旋动力学构建狄拉克单极子框架，电荷由超流密度固定并满足量子化条件，预测类似回旋加速器的涡旋运动，还发现拓扑挫折导致赤道涡旋项链形成，确立球形超流体为探索狄拉克单极子物理的平台。
AI 中文摘要
磁单极子处于规范场、拓扑学、几何相位和电荷量子化的交叉点，但作为基本粒子仍然难以捉摸。本文表明，一个涌现的狄拉克单极子框架自然地源于球形超流壳中大量量子涡旋的动力学。它们的动力学形式上等同于在磁单极子场中受限于球体的相互作用带电粒子的动力学。单极子电荷由超流密度固定，并自动满足狄拉克量子化条件。涌现的单极子描述预测了类似回旋加速器的涡旋运动，与格罗斯 - 皮塔耶夫斯基模拟定量一致。我们进一步表明，由两个同电荷极性涡旋引起的拓扑挫折导致赤道涡旋项链的形成，这种构型让人联想到在木星两极周围观察到的多边形气旋簇，然后通过类似开尔文 - 亥姆霍兹的不稳定性随后破裂。在这个框架内，涡旋项链可以被视为吴 - 杨规范修补的量子类似物。我们的结果将球形超流体确立为实现和探索狄拉克单极子物理基本方面的通用平台。
英文摘要
Magnetic monopoles lie at the crossroads of gauge fields, topology, geometric phases, and charge quantization, yet they remain elusive as fundamental particles. Here we show that an emergent Dirac-monopole framework arises naturally from the dynamics of massive quantum vortices in a spherical superfluid shell. Their dynamics is formally equivalent to that of interacting charged particles constrained to a sphere in the field of a magnetic monopole. The monopole charge is fixed by the superfluid density and automatically satisfies Dirac's quantization condition. The emergent monopole description predicts cyclotron-like vortex motion, in quantitative agreement with Gross--Pitaevskii simulations. We further show that topological frustration induced by two like-charged polar vortices gives rise to the formation of an equatorial vortex necklace, a configuration reminiscent of the polygonal cyclone clusters observed around Jupiter's poles, before its subsequent breakup through a Kelvin--Helmholtz-like instability. Within this framework, the equatorial vortex necklace emerges as the quantized realization of the effective electrostatic line charge that restores global charge neutrality on the sphere. Our results establish spherical superfluids as a versatile platform for realizing and exploring fundamental aspects of Dirac-monopole physics.
Comments9 pages (including 3 figures) + 11 pages (including 4 figures) of Sup. Mat
