AI 中文总结
该文介绍量子材料液相输运生长（LTG）技术，它能空间分离电荷溶解与晶体沉淀，在特定温度梯度下连续溶质输运耦合二者，消除平衡溶解度限制，大量产出单晶。文中通过实例展示其独特能力，总结实验设计要点，探讨向更具预测性技术转变的机会。
AI 中文摘要
液相输运生长（LTG）是一种水平通量生长技术，与化学气相输运密切相似，关键区别在于用熔融通量而非蒸汽作为输运介质。与传统通量生长不同，LTG在空间上分离电荷溶解和晶体沉淀，并通过在故意施加的温度梯度下连续溶质输运将它们耦合。这使得晶体生长能在电荷完全溶解前开始，消除起始电荷/通量比的平衡溶解度限制，能从单次生长中获得大量单晶。近期研究表明，通过空间分离溶解和结晶并保持结晶温度近乎恒定，LTG对两类材料特别有效：仅在窄温度和/或组成窗口内结晶的化合物，以及化学计量比、缺陷浓度和物理性质对结晶温度敏感的化合物。本文讨论了包括Fe₃Sn₂、CrTe₃等代表性例子，以说明LTG在生产各种量子材料高质量单晶方面的独特能力。还总结了LTG实验设计的实际考虑因素，包括炉体选择、生长时间、熔体稳定性和安瓿几何形状，并讨论了将LTG从经验生长方法转变为更具预测性的晶体生长技术的未来机会。
英文摘要
Liquid transport growth (LTG) is a horizontal flux growth technique that is closely analogous to chemical vapor transport, with the key distinction that a molten flux rather than a vapor serves as the transport agent. Unlike conventional flux growth, LTG spatially separates charge dissolution and crystal precipitation and couples them through continuous solute transport under a deliberately imposed temperature gradient. This enables crystal growth to begin before the charge is completely dissolved, removes the equilibrium solubility constraint on the starting charge/flux ratio, and allows large yields of single crystals to be obtained from a single growth. Recent studies have further shown that by spatially separating dissolution and crystallization and maintaining crystallization at a nearly constant temperature, LTG is particularly effective for two classes of materials: compounds that crystallize only within a narrow temperature and/or composition window, and compounds whose stoichiometry, defect concentration, and thus physical properties are sensitive to the crystallization temperature. In this review, we discuss representative examples including Fe$_3$Sn$_2$, CrTe$_3$, YFe$_2$Ge$_2$, UTe$_2$, CeRh$_2$As$_2$, MoTe$_2$, WTe$_2$, and LuNb$_6$Sn$_6$ to illustrate the unique capabilities of LTG for producing high quality single crystals of diverse quantum materials. We also summarize practical considerations for LTG experimental design, including furnace selection, growth time, melt stability, and ampoule geometry, and discuss future opportunities for transforming LTG from an empirical growth method into a more predictive crystal growth technique.
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