AI 中文总结
该研究提出 COLIBRE-SKIRT 管道，用于大体积宇宙学模拟的无校准尘埃辐射传输后处理。通过“分割与缩放”方法，应用 SKIRT 代码于 COLIBRE 模拟，首次直接再现本地宇宙 CSED，虽有中红外残余张力，但能创建多波段合成光谱和图像。
AI 中文摘要
背景。三维尘埃辐射传输为连接宇宙学星系模拟与多波长观测提供了强大框架。直到最近，在大体积模拟中，冷星际介质相的形成受到阻碍，尘埃未自洽演化，这需要校准尘埃与金属的比率以及诞生云中的额外亚网格尘埃衰减，从而降低了预测能力。目标。我们提出了 COLIBRE-SKIRT 管道，这是一种用于新型 COLIBRE 大体积宇宙学模拟套件的无校准尘埃辐射传输框架，该套件包括一个动态尘埃模型并直接模拟多相星际介质。我们的主要目标是建立一个参考管道，用于从这些模拟中生成多波长模拟可观测量。作为首次应用，我们生成了远紫外（FUV）到远红外（FIR）的空间积分光谱，并通过与观测到的低红移宇宙光谱能量分布（CSED）进行比较来评估它们。方法。我们将 SKIRT 尘埃辐射传输代码应用于 COLIBRE 模拟。尘埃质量和物种分数直接取自模拟，后处理中不添加诞生云模型。我们引入了一种“分割与缩放”方法，将模拟的双尺寸、多物种尘埃分布映射到连续粒度分布上，而不引入自由参数。结果。我们首次发现，一个大体积宇宙学模拟无需事先校准后处理程序就能直接再现本地宇宙 CSED。中红外（约 0.2 dex）的残余张力表明最热尘埃成分的加热不足以及多环芳烃发射载体建模的不确定性。这个框架可以很容易地应用于低红移和高红移，以创建从 FUV 到 FIR 的合成光谱和图像。
英文摘要
Context. Three-dimensional dust radiative transfer provides a powerful framework to connect cosmological galaxy simulations to multiwavelength observations. Until recently, in large-volume simulations, the formation of a cold ISM phase was prevented and dust was not evolved self-consistently. This required calibration of dust-to-metal ratios and extra subgrid dust attenuation in birth clouds, thereby reducing the predictive power. Aims. We present the COLIBRE-SKIRT pipeline, a calibration-free dust radiative transfer framework for the novel COLIBRE suite of large-volume cosmological simulations, which include a live dust model and directly simulate the multiphase ISM. Our primary aim is to establish a reference pipeline for generating multiwavelength mock observables from these simulations. As a first application, we produce far-ultraviolet (FUV) to far-infrared (FIR) spatially integrated spectra and assess them by comparison with the observed low-redshift cosmic spectral energy distribution (CSED). Methods. We apply the SKIRT dust radiative transfer code to the COLIBRE simulations. Dust masses and species fractions are taken directly from the simulation, and no birth cloud model is added in postprocessing. We introduce a "split & scale" approach that maps the simulated two-size, multi-species dust distribution onto continuous grain size distributions without introducing free parameters. Results. We find that, for the first time, a large-volume cosmological simulation directly reproduces the local Universe CSED without calibrating the postprocessing routine a priori. Residual tensions in the mid-infrared (~0.2 dex) point towards insufficient heating of the hottest dust components and uncertainties in the modelling of the PAH-emission carriers. This framework can be readily applied at low and high redshift to create synthetic spectra and images from the FUV to the FIR.
CommentsMain text 23 pages and 8 figures. Submitted to A&A
