AI 中文总结
研究相对论重离子碰撞中多粒子可观测量对多维核形变的响应，在三维参数空间联合分析并构建初态估计器，发现不同可观测量对各形变敏感性不同，利用混合模型研究演化影响，明确了部分可观测量敏感性的变化情况。
AI 中文摘要
相对论重离子碰撞为通过其在初始碰撞几何中的印记来探测基态核结构提供了独特机会。我们以\(^{129}\)Xe+\(^{129}\)Xe碰撞为代表性测试场，研究多粒子可观测量如何响应四极形变、三轴度和十六极形变的组合变化。在三维\((\beta_2,\gamma,\beta_4)\)参数空间中进行联合分析，构建多个流和平均横向动量关联可观测量的初态估计器。初态时，\(\rho_2\)主要对\(\beta_2\)和\(\gamma\)敏感，在非零\(\beta_2\)时对\(\gamma\)的敏感性增强。非线性响应系数\(\chi_{4,22}\)主要对\(\beta_4\)敏感，对\(\beta_2\)和\(\gamma\)的依赖较弱。高阶关联器表现出更复杂的多维响应模式。还利用iEBE-VISHNU混合模型研究这些形变敏感性在后续动力学演化中是否保留。终态计算表明，\(\rho_2\)对\(\beta_2\)和\(\gamma\)的敏感性基本保留，而\(\chi_{4,22}\)对\(\beta_4\)的敏感性大幅降低。其他高阶可观测量的初态敏感性在演化中被修改或无法用当前统计分辨。
英文摘要
Relativistic heavy-ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to probe ground-state nuclear structure through its imprint on the initial collision geometry. We investigate how multiparticle observables respond to combined variations of quadrupole deformation, triaxiality, and hexadecapole deformation, using $^{129}$Xe+$^{129}$Xe collisions as a representative testing ground. We perform a joint analysis in the three-dimensional $(β_2,γ,β_4)$ parameter space and construct initial-state estimators for several flow and mean transverse momentum correlation observables. At the initial-state level, $ρ_2$ is primarily sensitive to $β_2$ and $γ$, with its sensitivity to $γ$ enhanced at nonzero $β_2$. The nonlinear response coefficient $χ_{4,22}$ is predominantly sensitive to $β_4$, while its dependence on $β_2$ and $γ$ remains comparatively weak. Higher-order correlators exhibit more complex multidimensional response patterns; in particular, $ρ_{224}$ shows a dependence on $γ$ and $β_4$ that becomes more pronounced at finite $β_2$. We further employ the iEBE-VISHNU hybrid model to examine whether these deformation sensitivities survive the subsequent dynamical evolution. The final-state calculations indicate that the sensitivity of $ρ_2$ to $β_2$ and $γ$ is largely preserved, whereas the $β_4$ sensitivity of $χ_{4,22}$ is substantially reduced. For the other higher-order observables, the initial-state sensitivities are modified by the evolution or cannot be resolved with the present statistics.
Comments11 pages, 10 figures
