AI 中文总结
研究太阳活动区13664/8日冕物质抛射生产率高的原因，利用SDO/AIA和SDO/HMI观测分析其光球磁场等，发现快速复杂磁通量浮现增加区域复杂性，多个碰撞极性反转线提高了CME生产率，揭示高磁复杂性及剪切对高CME生产率的关键作用。
AI 中文摘要
2024年5月，美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）活动区复合体13664/8是当前太阳活动周期中最活跃的区域之一，产生了12次X级耀斑和20多次日冕物质抛射（CME），引发了自2003年以来最强的地磁风暴。我们研究了该活动区复合体CME生产率如此之高的原因。主要利用太阳动力学天文台（SDO）的大气成像组件（AIA）和日震与磁成像仪（HMI）的观测数据，分析了其光球磁场演化、爆发源、爆发等待时间和磁参数，并与其他五个活动区进行了比较。该区域最初仅包含活动区13664，耀斑活动有限，直到5月4日活动区13668出现，之后出现了成群的大耀斑和CME。快速、复杂的磁通量浮现显著增加了该区域的面积、磁通量、复杂性和非势性。复杂性的增加表现为至少12个新出现的双极子和6条在非共轭极性之间形成的碰撞极性反转线（cPIL），它们都显示出持续的碰撞和剪切，作为爆发源。衰减指数分布显示，CME源区上方的临界高度系统地较低（<45 Mm）。CME等待时间分布呈现两个峰值，表明多个cPIL通过增加来自同一源的重复CME和来自附近源的扰动触发CME，提高了CME生产率。这些结果表明，除了足够的非势性和快速的背景场衰减外，多个cPIL处的高磁复杂性以及动态碰撞剪切对于活动区13664/8的极端CME生产率至关重要。
英文摘要
In May 2024, NOAA active region (AR) complex 13664/8 was one of the most productive regions of the current solar cycle, producing 12 X-class flares and over 20 coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and triggering the strongest geomagnetic storm since 2003. We investigate why this AR complex was so CME-productive. Using primarily SDO/AIA and SDO/HMI observations, we analyzed its photospheric magnetic evolution, eruption sources, eruption waiting times, and magnetic parameters in comparison with five other ARs. The region initially contained only AR 13664 and exhibited limited flare activity until AR 13668 emerged on May 4, after which clustered major flares and CMEs occurred. Rapid, complex flux emergence substantially increased the region's area, magnetic flux, complexity, and nonpotentiality. The increased complexity was manifested by at least 12 emerging bipoles and six collisional polarity inversion lines (cPILs) formed between nonconjugated polarities, all showing sustained collision and shearing and serving as eruption sources. Decay index distributions show systematically lower critical heights (<45 Mm) above CME source regions. The CME waiting time distribution exhibits two peaks, suggesting that multiple cPILs enhanced CME productivity by increasing both recurrent CMEs from the same source and disturbance-triggered CMEs from nearby sources. These results indicate that, in addition to sufficient nonpotentiality and rapid background-field decay, high magnetic complexity accompanied by dynamical collisional shearing at multiple cPILs was crucial for the extreme CME productivity of AR 13664/8.
Comments14 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Journal refhttps://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2026/09/aa58717-25/aa58717-25.html
DOI：10.1051/0004-6361/202558717
