AI 中文总结
研究探索光产生超导性，通过飞秒激光脉冲在铝硅异质结实现光可编程超导状态，可控制超导临界温度，呈现不同状态及涡旋行为，其源于光对失配位错超晶格的控制，为超导状态设计开辟道路，用于量子相关领域。
AI 中文摘要
对光产生超导性的探索已持续半个多世纪，但由光同时产生和控制宏观量子相位相干的真正零电阻状态的直接证据一直难以捉摸。本文首次报道了在铝硅异质结处一种复杂但稳健的光可编程超导（LiPS）状态，它由飞秒激光脉冲产生并完全控制。超导临界温度在1.8 - 8.5K之间，可通过定制脉冲序列随意增减或消除。低温下LiPS状态呈现Berezinski-Kosterlitz-Thouless拓扑转变特征，2K以上出现量子相位无序的不同状态。有磁场时观察到涡旋钉扎和蠕变行为。LiPS效应源于光脉冲对界面处失配位错莫尔超晶格的控制，高分辨率电子显微镜可清晰观察到。还展示了光脉冲控制超晶格周期性及沿位错线拓扑保护的孤子状扭结的出现，这对赋予系统亚稳定性很重要。LiPS的证明为亚稳态长程相位相干超导状态的设计开辟了道路，可用于量子电路的光工程、量子处理器中的局部能隙调谐及利用可切换超导性的新型器件。
英文摘要
The quest for superconductivity created by light extends for more than half a century, yet direct evidence of a true zero-resistance state - whose macroscopic quantum phase coherence is both created and controlled by light - has remained elusive. Here we report for the first time on a complex but robust light-programmable superconducting (LiPS) state at an aluminium-silicon heterojunction that is created and fully controlled with femtosecond laser pulses. The superconducting critical temperatures - ranging from 1.8 to 8.5 K, can be increased or erased at will by the application of tailored pulse sequences. At low temperatures the LiPS state shows features characteristic of a Berezinski-Kosterlitz-Thouless topological transition, but another distinct state appears at temperatures above 2 K, which shows clear signatures of quantum phase disorder. In the presence of a magnetic field we observe behaviour characteristic of vortex pinning and creep consistent with the 2-dimensional (2D) nature of the phase coherent system. The origin of the LiPS effect is attributed to light pulse control of the Moire-like superlattice of misfit dislocations (MDs) arising from discommensurations between the Al and Si lattices which is visible by high-resolution electron microscopy. We show how light pulses can be used to control the superlattice periodicity and highlight the appearance of topologically protected soliton-like kinks along the dislocation lines, important for imparting controllable metastability to the system. The demonstration of LiPS paves the way for designing metastable superconducting devices with controllable phase-coherence, enabling applications such as light-engineered quantum circuits, local gap tuning in quantum processors, and optically switchable superconducting devices.
Comments14 pages, 3 figures
