AI 中文总结
研究提出“储层信号采集”（RSA）新范式，用物理储层作动态测量设备。当\(M \geq N_R\)可精确重构任意宽带信号，\(M \ll N_R\)时稀疏信号也能恢复。通过硅光子储层电路实验验证，能以低速率ADC重构高频信号，拓展了物理储层从计算到信号采集的作用。
AI 中文摘要
传统上，物理储层计算利用物理系统的动力学进行计算，实现推理、分类和预测等任务。本文引入了一种利用物理储层的全新范式，即“储层信号采集”（RSA），其中物理储层用作动态测量设备而非计算引擎。在RSA中，储层将未知宽带波形转换为各种测量值，能够从低于任何单个采集通道奈奎斯特极限的低速率样本中进行波形重构。当测量通道数满足\(M \geq N_R\)（\(N_R\)为欠采样率）时，可实现任意宽带信号的精确重构。对于频谱或时间上稀疏的信号，即使\(M \ll N_R\)也能恢复，展现出储层动力学多样性自然产生的压缩感知能力。我们使用硅光子储层电路对RSA进行了实验验证。通过无需设备物理模型的数据驱动校准，仅使用低速率模数转换器（ADC）就重构了高达12.5GHz的射频信号，这相当于每个ADC奈奎斯特频率的四倍。这些结果将RSA确立为基于物理储层的新信号采集范式，将其作用从计算扩展到宽带波形的亚奈奎斯特采集。
英文摘要
Physical reservoir computing has traditionally exploited the dynamics of physical systems for computation, enabling tasks such as inference, classification, and prediction. Here, we introduce a fundamentally different paradigm for exploiting physical reservoirs, termed "reservoir signal acquisition" (RSA), in which a physical reservoir serves as a dynamical measurement device rather than a computational engine. In RSA, the reservoir transforms an unknown broadband waveform into a diverse set of measurements, enabling waveform reconstruction from low-rate samples beyond the Nyquist limit of any individual acquisition channel. We show that exact reconstruction of arbitrary broadband signals is achieved when the number of measurement channels satisfies $M \geq N_R$, where $N_R$ is the undersampling ratio. Moreover, spectrally or temporally sparse signals can be recovered even when $M \ll N_R$, demonstrating a compressed-sensing capability that naturally emerges from the diversity of reservoir dynamics. We experimentally validate RSA using a silicon photonic reservoir circuit. With a data-driven calibration requiring no physical model of the device, we reconstruct radio-frequency signals up to 12.5 GHz using only low-rate analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), corresponding to four times the Nyquist frequency of each ADC. These results establish RSA as a new signal acquisition paradigm based on physical reservoirs, extending their role from computation to sub-Nyquist acquisition of broadband waveforms.
Comments28 pages, 7 figures
