AI 中文总结
研究扩展量子网络的分组转发问题，提出SAH架构，通过UEI映射标签构建码本，核心路由器提取综合征头部交换标签，支持快速转发和验证模式，在NSFNet定时基准测试中消除对齐条件，高抖动下比其他方案有更高接受度和吞吐量。
AI 中文摘要
扩展量子网络至点对点链路之外需要能容忍控制平面定时不确定性的分组转发。现有光突发交换（OBS）和基于量子封装的分组交换（QW）依赖外部经典头部，其易抖动的处理必须与飞行中的量子载荷保持对齐，导致保护窗口或光纤延迟线预算失败。本文提出作为头部的综合征（SAH），一种将路由标签嵌入编码载荷综合征结构的量子标签交换架构。该方案使用不可纠正错误注入（UEI）将流标签映射到参考综合征，并构建一个综合征空间头部码本，其解码区域在可纠正的信道诱导综合征偏差下仍可区分。核心路由器提取综合征头部，抑制可纠正的残余信道错误分量，在不测量或解码逻辑载荷的情况下交换标签。SAH支持快速转发和验证模式，后者提供端到端一致性检查同时保留可交换标签。在具有常见逐跳量子纠错（QEC）的NSFNet定时基准测试中，SAH消除了外部头部/载荷对齐条件，因此定时不确定性表现为内存驻留和传递延迟而非对齐预算下降。基于T2的内存驻留惩罚下，优势取决于路由器内存相干性；对于足够长的相干性，在高抖动下SAH比OBS+QEC和QW+QEC保持更高的接受度和吞吐量。
英文摘要
Scaling quantum networks beyond point-to-point links requires packet forwarding that can tolerate control-plane timing uncertainty. Existing optical-burst switching (OBS) and quantum-wrapper-based packet switching (QW) rely on external classical headers whose jitter-prone processing must remain aligned with in-flight quantum payloads, creating guard-window or fiber-delay-line budget failures. This paper proposes Syndrome-as-Header (SAH), a quantum label-switching architecture that embeds routing labels into the syndrome structure of an encoded payload. The proposed scheme uses Uncorrectable Error Injection (UEI) to map flow labels to reference syndromes and builds a syndrome-space header codebook whose decoding regions remain distinguishable under correctable channel-induced syndrome deviations. Core routers extract the syndrome header, suppress the correctable residual channel-error component, and swap labels without measuring or decoding the logical payload. SAH supports FAST forwarding and VERIFICATION mode, the latter providing end-to-end consistency checking while retaining swappable labels. In NSFNet timing benchmarks with common per-hop quantum error correction (QEC), SAH eliminates the external-header/payload alignment condition, so timing uncertainty appears as memory residence and delivered latency rather than alignment-budget drops. With a $T_2$-based memory-residence penalty, the advantage depends on router memory coherence; for sufficiently long coherence, SAH maintains higher acceptance and throughput than OBS+QEC and QW+QEC under high jitter.
