发表机构
Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Quantum Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA; Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA（; ; ; ）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究超导量子比特中电荷跳跃检测问题，提出基于扩张因果卷积神经网络的在线探测器，经训练和量化后在特定平台达到低延迟，检测效率与离线算法匹配且无需超参数调整，推动电荷跳跃检测用于量子计算误差缓解等。
AI 中文摘要
宇宙射线和伽马射线的电离辐射会在超导量子比特的环境电荷中诱发不连续跳跃（电荷跳跃），引发相关误差，对容错量子计算构成挑战，同时为量子传感应用提供检测特征。当前检测方法离线运行，引入了与回路量子比特控制不兼容的延迟。本文提出一种基于扩张因果卷积神经网络（DCCNN）的超导量子比特电荷跳跃在线探测器，该网络在费米实验室西北实验地下站点（NEXUS）测量的量子比特模板生成的合成拉姆齐断层扫描上进行训练，并通过hls4ml以ap_fixed<16,6>量化转换为FPGA固件，在Zynq UltraScale+ RFSoC ZCU216上达到每次推理延迟6.19微秒。在该工作点，DCCNN与既定的离线χ²算法检测效率匹配（在|Δq|∈[0.1,0.5]e且误报率匹配时，分别为0.843±0.022和0.866±0.020），且无需每个量子比特的超参数调整。这将电荷跳跃检测从事后诊断转变为控制回路原语，实现了对辐射诱发事件的原位自适应协议，可应用于量子计算误差缓解以及将超导量子比特用作粒子探测器。
英文摘要
Ionizing radiation from cosmic rays and gammas can induce discontinuous jumps in the environmental charge of superconducting qubits (charge jumps), causing correlated errors that challenge fault-tolerant quantum computing while simultaneously providing a detection signature for quantum sensing applications. Current detection methods operate offline, introducing latency incompatible with in-the-loop qubit control. In this paper, an online detector of charge jumps for superconducting qubits, based on a dilated causal convolutional neural network (DCCNN) designed for in-the-loop deployment on the Quantum Instrumentation Control Kit (QICK) platform, is presented. The network is trained on synthetic Ramsey tomography scans generated from qubit templates measured at the Northwestern Experimental Underground Site (NEXUS) at Fermilab, and translated to FPGA firmware via hls4ml with ap_fixed$\langle 16,6 \rangle$ quantization, reaching a per-inference latency of $ 32.0 μ$s on the Zynq UltraScale+ RFSoC ZCU216. At this operating point the DCCNN matches the detection efficiency of the established offline $χ^2$ algorithm ($0.843 \pm 0.022$ vs. $0.868 \pm 0.007$ on $|Δq| \in [0.1, 0.5] e$ at matched false-positive rate), while requiring no per-qubit hyperparameter tuning. This shifts charge-jump detection from a post-hoc diagnostic to a control-loop primitive, enabling adaptive protocols that respond to radiation-induced events in situ, with applications to quantum-computing error mitigation and to the use of superconducting qubits as particle detectors.
