AI 中文总结
研究气体系统中重力诱导热整流问题，采用单个气体粒子最小模型分析证明重力场可产生热整流，存在效率与功率权衡，数值模拟证实在多粒子系统中也存在，为热传输提供见解并给出气体热二极管设计原则。
AI 中文摘要
热整流通常依赖于结构不对称或材料不均匀性。本文表明，仅重力就能在气体系统中诱导和调节热整流。通过使用一个限制在不同温度热浴之间二维通道中的单个气体粒子的最小模型，我们通过分析证明重力场会产生热整流，能在很宽的重力参数范围内实现完美的单向热传导。这种效应在整流效率和热功率之间存在内在权衡。超出单粒子极限，数值模拟证实重力诱导的热整流在相互作用的多粒子系统中依然存在。值得注意的是，在相互作用的气体混合物中，整流方向可以反转。重力介导的热流控制为热传输提供了新的基本见解，并为气体热二极管提出了设计原则。
英文摘要
Thermal rectification (TR) typically relies on structural asymmetry or material heterogeneity. Here, we show that gravity alone can induce and modulate TR in gaseous systems. Using a minimal model of a single gas particle confined in a two-dimensional channel between heat baths at different temperatures, we analytically demonstrate that gravitational fields generate TR, enabling perfect unidirectional heat conduction across broad gravitational parameter ranges. This effect exhibits an intrinsic trade-off between rectification efficiency and heat power. Extending beyond the single-particle limit, numerical simulations confirm that gravitationally induced TR persists in interacting many-particle systems. Notably, in interacting gas mixtures, the rectification direction can be reversed. Gravity-mediated control of heat currents thus provides new fundamental insights into thermal transport and suggests design principles for gaseous thermal diodes.
