蒸发的宇宙学耦合黑洞
Evaporating cosmologically coupled black holes
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究宇宙学耦合黑洞的霍金蒸发，采用准绝热近似和质量与标度因子的唯象标度建模，发现耦合强度影响黑洞蒸发，通过γ射线观测设限，且CCBH形成与现今质量不再重合，同一群体受多种限制。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
宇宙学耦合黑洞（CCBHs）的质量随宇宙膨胀而演化，近期引发了大量理论和观测关注。现有研究将其视为纯经典物体，忽略了霍金辐射（HR）与宇宙学耦合（CC）机制的竞争。本文采用准绝热近似，在CCBH瞬时质量处评估HR率，并通过质量与标度因子的唯象标度$M \propto a^k$对CC机制建模。研究表明，取决于耦合强度$k$，即使晚期CC激活也能显著延迟霍金蒸发，或导致渐近CC主导的质量增长。通过γ射线观测对原初CCBH的丰度设限，发现其限比未耦合的对应物弱，因为CCBH在更长时间内远离蒸发终点。与标准原初黑洞不同，即使形成质量$M_{\text{form}} \gtrsim 10^{15}\,{\text{g}}$，CCBH的形成质量和现今质量也不再大致重合。因此，同一原初CCBH群体可能因其过去的发射历史受到蒸发限制，也因其现今质量受到其他限制（如微透镜）。
英文摘要
Cosmologically coupled black holes (CCBHs), whose masses evolve in response to the cosmological expansion, have recently attracted significant theoretical and observational interest. Existing studies have treated CCBHs as purely classical objects, neglecting the effect of Hawking radiation (HR), which competes with the cosmological coupling (CC) mechanism. We take a first step towards studying evaporating CCBHs, adopting a quasi-adiabatic approximation in which the HR rate is evaluated at the instantaneous CCBH mass, and modeling the CC mechanism through the phenomenological scaling of the mass with the scale factor, $M \propto a^k$. We show that, depending on the coupling strength $k$, even late-time CC activation can significantly delay Hawking evaporation, or lead to asymptotic CC-dominated mass growth, with important implications. We set limits on the abundance of primordial CCBHs from $γ$-ray observations, finding limits which are weaker than their uncoupled counterparts, as CCBHs are kept farther from the endpoint of evaporation for a longer time. Unlike standard primordial black holes, the CCBH formation and present-day masses no longer approximately coincide, even for formation masses $M_{\text{form}} \gtrsim 10^{15}\,{\text{g}}$. Therefore, the same population of primordial CCBHs may be subject to evaporation limits through its past emission history, as well as to other limits (such as microlensing) through its present-day mass.
发表机构
- University of Trento（特伦托大学）
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA)-INFN（特伦托基础物理与应用研究所（TIFPA）-意大利国家核物理研究所）
- University of Coimbra（科英布拉大学）
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