AI 中文总结
研究利用量子退火研究纵向偏置量子伊辛链，通过能量尺度重标度等方法，发现缺陷密度符合预期交叉，而介子演化因临界后畴模式局域化被中断，展示大规模量子退火器可探究临界激发在缺陷计数外的命运。
AI 中文摘要
量子相变提供了产生多体激发的可控途径，但临界点后的动力学可能与初始缺陷产生同样重要。量子退火的进展使研究具有数千个超导量子比特的可编程伊辛系统中的相干非平衡动力学成为可能。本文利用这一能力研究纵向偏置的量子伊辛链，其中基布尔 - 祖雷克缺陷产生后是不可积临界后动力学。纵向偏置将扭结 - 反扭结激发限制为介子束缚态，最终自旋构型编码临界点附近缺陷产生及受限激发的后续演化。通过能量尺度重标度和零噪声外推，发现缺陷密度符合预期的偏置基布尔 - 祖雷克/朗道 - 齐纳交叉，并与均匀偏置的矩阵乘积态模拟一致。相比之下，磁化、空间分布和少数域统计表明介子演化被临界后畴模式的局域化中断。含无序的矩阵乘积态模拟重现了稳健缺陷产生与局域临界后动力学之间的这种分离。结果表明大规模量子退火器可探究临界激发在缺陷计数之外的命运。
英文摘要
Quantum phase transitions provide a controlled route for generating many-body excitations, but the dynamics after the critical point can be as important as the initial defect creation. Recent progress in quantum annealing has made it possible to access coherent nonequilibrium dynamics in programmable Ising systems with thousands of superconducting qubits. Here we use this capability to study a longitudinally biased quantum Ising chain, where Kibble--Zurek defect creation is followed by nonintegrable post-critical dynamics. The longitudinal bias confines kink--antikink excitations into mesonic bound states, so that the final spin configurations encode both the production of defects near the critical point and the subsequent evolution of the confined excitations. Using energy-scale rescaling and zero-noise extrapolation, we find that the defect density follows the expected biased Kibble--Zurek/Landau--Zener crossover and agrees with matrix-product-state simulations with uniform bias. In contrast, magnetization, spatial profiles, and minority-domain statistics reveal that mesonic evolution is interrupted by localization of the post-critical domain pattern. Matrix-product-state simulations with disorder reproduce this separation between robust defect creation and localized post-critical dynamics. Our results show that large-scale quantum annealers can probe the fate of critical excitations beyond defect counting.
