AI 中文总结
研究中子星中由不对称暗物质引力坍缩形成的微观黑洞产生高能中微子的过程，分析暗物质捕获等循环及不同状态，推导相关辐射、能谱和通量，预测信号特征，该机制为霍金蒸发提供新观测窗口，联系多领域。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了通过中子星内部积累的不对称暗物质引力坍缩形成的微观黑洞产生高能中微子的过程。当霍金蒸发超过吸积时，标准模型之外的长寿命、弱相互作用粒子逃离中子星并随后衰变成高能中微子。我们分析了暗物质捕获、黑洞形成和蒸发的重复循环，确定了由暗物质热化时间和坍缩循环之间的竞争决定的两种不同状态。特别是，我们确定了一种部分热化状态，其中暗物质云朝着温度显著超过中子星核心温度的准稳态演化。我们推导了时间积分霍金辐射、由此产生的次级中微子能谱以及预期的银河系和漫射河外中微子通量。预测信号呈现出两个独特特征：一个具有由蒸发黑洞的初始霍金温度设定的特征能量尺度的宽中微子能谱，其谱峰自然位于\(\mathcal{O}(10\,{\rm TeV})\)以上，以及一个强烈集中在银河系中心的扩展银河系成分。尽管预测的事件率通常很小，但在有利的微观和天体物理条件下，产生的信号可能对观测到的银河系高能中微子通量贡献百分之几的水平。所提出的机制为通过中子星内部不断产生的微观黑洞进行霍金蒸发提供了一个新的观测窗口，将暗物质、致密天体、黑洞热力学和高能中微子天文学联系起来。
英文摘要
We investigate the production of high-energy neutrinos from microscopic black holes formed through the gravitational collapse of asymmetric dark matter accumulated inside neutron stars. When Hawking evaporation dominates over accretion, long-lived, feebly interacting particles beyond the Standard Model escape the neutron star and subsequently decay into high-energy neutrinos. We analyze the repeated cycle of dark matter capture, black hole formation, and evaporation, identifying two distinct regimes determined by the competition between the dark matter thermalization time and the collapse cycle. In particular, we identify a partially thermalized regime in which the dark matter cloud evolves toward a quasi-stationary state with a temperature significantly exceeding that of the neutron star core. We derive the time-integrated Hawking emission, the resulting secondary neutrino spectra, and the expected Galactic and diffuse extragalactic neutrino fluxes. The predicted signal exhibits two distinctive signatures: a broad neutrino spectrum with a characteristic energy scale set by the initial Hawking temperature of the evaporating black hole, whose spectral peak naturally lies above $\mathcal{O}(10)$ TeV, and an extended Galactic component strongly concentrated toward the Galactic Center. Although the predicted event rates are generally small, the resulting signal may contribute at the percent level to the observed Galactic high-energy neutrino flux under favorable microscopic and astrophysical conditions. The proposed mechanism provides a new observational window on Hawking evaporation through microscopic black holes continuously produced inside neutron stars, linking dark matter, compact objects, black hole thermodynamics and high-energy neutrino astronomy.
Comments21 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. References added
