AI 中文总结
研究开源软件中机器人加入团队的问题，通过检查多个GitHub项目，衡量相关能力和结果，发现采用机器人后有更多协作等变化，虽非因果效应，但结果符合特定解释，即机器人可成社区社会基础设施一部分。
AI 中文摘要
人工智能代理正加入人类团队，引发一个基本问题：当自动化代理成为常规参与者时，团队组织会加强还是削弱？我们在开源软件中研究此问题，机器人在其中与人类一起打开拉取请求、审查代码和合并更改，并留下每次交互的公开记录。将机器人视为参与者而非工具，我们检查了2991个GitHub项目在每个项目采用首个机器人之前和之后两年的情况。我们衡量了制度理论与持久协调相关的三种能力——重复参与、社会记忆和角色分化，以及两个结果：冲突级联和产出独特性。采用机器人后，有更多的重复协作、在讨论中对特定机器人的更多认可、更少的冲突级联和更独特的产出。这些变化集中在采用时而非逐渐积累。由于我们缺乏未处理的对照组，我们将结果解释为精确计时的关联，而非因果效应。有两种模式难以用其他解释来解释：能力根据其功能——协调与分化——而非由人类还是机器人提供来预测结果，并且人类方面的能力解释了机器人与冲突的关联，但不能解释机器人与独特性的关联。研究结果与一种特定解释一致：可预测且基于规则的代理可以成为社区社会基础设施的一部分。机器人是契机；社会组织是机制。
英文摘要
AI agents are joining human teams, raising a basic question: when an automated agent becomes a regular participant, does group organization strengthen or weaken? We study this question in open-source software, where bots open pull requests, review code, and merge changes alongside people, leaving a public record of every interaction. Treating bots as participants rather than tools, we examine 2,991 GitHub projects for two years before and after each adopted its first bot. We measure three capabilities that institutional theory links to durable coordination - repeated engagement, social memory, and role differentiation - and two outcomes: conflict cascades and output distinctiveness. Bot adoption is followed by more repeated collaboration, greater recognition of specific bots in discussion, fewer conflict cascades, and more distinctive outputs. These changes cluster around adoption rather than accumulating gradually. Because we lack an untreated comparison group, we interpret the results as precisely timed associations, not causal effects. Two patterns are difficult for alternative explanations to account for: capabilities predict outcomes according to their function - coordination versus differentiation - rather than whether humans or bots provide them, and human-side capabilities account for the bot-conflict association but not the bot-distinctiveness association. The findings are consistent with a specific interpretation: predictable, rule-based agents can become part of a community's social infrastructure. The bot is the occasion; social organization is the mechanism.
