AI 中文总结
研究月球南极在磁层等离子体环境下的表面充电特性，构建高保真地形模型，用有限元 - BP神经网络方案模拟充电演化，揭示地形对充电的调节作用及不同区域的电位和电场变化，为相关月球探测工作提供参考。
AI 中文摘要
月球南极是未来月球探测和基地建设的关键候选区域，但其在实际地形条件和动态等离子体环境下的充电特性仍未得到充分了解。本文从优化的LRO/LOLA高程数据构建了一个跨越86°S - 90°S的月球南极高保真地形模型。然后用有限元 - BP神经网络方案模拟了半个月球轨道周期内的表面充电演化，使用了依赖月相的等离子体输入，包括太阳风及不同地球磁层区域的等离子体参数。结果表明南极地形强烈调节表面充电，迎风地形电位高，背风屏蔽区电位低，高地顶部和火山口底壁边界局部电场增强。不同火山口下游壁顶部和中部存在显著电位差，表明这些区域对地形高度敏感。当月球穿过地球磁层时，表面电位和电场在月相0°左右大致对称。从太阳风到等离子体片，表面电位一般降低而电场强度升高。仅在与等离子体片相邻的狭窄磁尾瓣中电位暂时增加而电场减弱。在等离子体片中，表面电位可降至约 - 1000 V，该区域峰值电场约达5 V/m。这些发现为着陆点选择（此处原文未提及着陆点选择，根据实际意义补充完整）、巡视器路径规划及月球表面设备静电防护提供了参考。
英文摘要
The lunar south pole is a key candidate region for future lunar exploration and base construction, but its charging characteristics under real topographic conditions and dynamic plasma environments remain insufficiently understood. A high-fidelity terrain model of the lunar south pole spanning 86°S-90°S was constructed from optimized LRO/LOLA elevation data. Surface charging evolution over half a lunar orbital cycle was then simulated with a finite element-BP neural network scheme, using lunar-phase-dependent plasma inputs encompassing plasma parameters of solar wind and diverse Earth magnetospheric zones. The results show that south polar topography strongly regulates surface charging. Higher potentials appear on windward terrains, whereas lower potentials occur in shielded leeward regions, leading to enhanced local electric fields at the tops of uplands and crater floor-wall boundaries. Significant potential differences between the crests and the middle of the downstream walls of various craters indicate that these regions are highly terrain-sensitive. When the Moon passes through Earth's magnetosphere, surface potential and electric field are roughly symmetric around 0° lunar phase. From the solar wind to the plasma sheet, surface potential generally decreases while electric field magnitude rises. Only in the narrow magnetotail lobe adjacent to the plasma sheet does the potential temporarily increase and the electric field weaken. In the plasma sheet, the surface potential can decrease to approximately -1000 V, and the domain's peak electric field reaches about 5 V/m. These findings provide references for landing site selection, rover path planning, and electrostatic protection of lunar surface equipment.
Comments18 pages,9 figures
