AI 中文总结
基于3:1 $U(1)$ 模型展示畴壁消失详细过程，因“偏角”β使“$Z_3$ 对称性”与畴壁相关性模糊，需修正弦轮廓评估，还对早期宇宙壁 - 弦网络产生的引力波做了初步计算。
AI 中文摘要
畴壁是离散对称性破缺时出现的一种拓扑缺陷。若离散对称性在 $U(1)$ 对称性破缺过程中作为中间对称性出现，畴壁会与宇宙弦相连，形成由弦界定的壁。直观上，若离散对称性的破缺尺度与 $U(1)$ 对称性的破缺尺度相当，畴壁会消失。本文基于3:1 $U(1)$ 模型展示了畴壁消失的详细过程。由于存在不可忽略的“偏角”β，“$Z_3$ 对称性”与畴壁的相关性变得模糊，因此应修正混合壁 - 弦网络中弦轮廓的评估。我们还对早期宇宙中壁 - 弦网络产生的引力波做了一些初步计算。
英文摘要
The domain wall is a kind of topological defect that can appear when a discrete symmetry is broken. If the discrete symmetry appears as an intermediate symmetry during a $U(1)$ symmetry breaking, the domain walls are connected to cosmic strings, forming walls bounded by strings. Intuitively, the domain wall disappears if the breaking scale of the discrete symmetry is comparable to that of the $U(1)$ symmetry. In this paper, relying on a 3:1 $U(1)$ model, we show the detailed processes of the disappearance of the domain wall. Due to the existence of the non-negligible ``bias angle'' $β$, the relevance of the ``$Z_3$ symmetry'' and the domain wall is blurred, and thereby the evaluations of the string profiles in a hybrid wall-string network should be revised. We also made some preliminary calculations of the gravitational waves generated by the wall-string network created in the early universe.
