AI 中文总结
研究不透明人工智能系统应用引发的问题，提出利用实践判断力、美德和直觉减轻担忧，通过聚焦人类能力在实际挑战与规范间架桥，制定基于人文价值观的培训方案和指导方针，以军事领域为例说明适用于多领域。
AI 中文摘要
人工智能系统在众多领域的部署日益增加，许多系统在核心功能和能力方面是“黑匣子”。不透明性与自主性相结合引发了诸多担忧。本文认为，通过在部署和使用不透明人工智能系统时利用实践判断力、美德和直觉，可以减轻许多此类担忧。聚焦这些人类能力有助于在不透明性带来的实际挑战与特定领域的伦理、法律和社会规范之间架起桥梁。核心在于认识到许多积极的人类特质不可量化，必须制定基于人文但不可量化价值观的人工智能部署培训方案和指导方针。本文以军事领域为例进行阐述，但其基本论点适用于所有部署不透明且可能自主系统的领域。
英文摘要
AI-enabled systems are seeing increasing deployment across numerous domains, with many being "black boxes" with respect to core functions and capabilities. I.e., many systems take inputs and give outputs, but without users having any ability to see how the former lead to the latter. AI-enabled systems are also being used to augment autonomy in systems, and autonomy coupled with opacity raises numerous concerns surrounding, e.g., the reliability of systems, their regularity in functioning, human ability to control them, or whether deploying opaque and potentially autonomous systems is in compliance with ethical and legal norms. In this article, we argue that many of these worries can be mitigated by leveraging practical judgment, virtue, and intuition in the deployment and use of opaque AI-enabled systems. We show that focusing on these distinctly human capabilities provides a means for bridging between the practical challenges created by opacity and the ethical, legal, and social norms underpinning particular domains. We argue that a core element in doing this is a recognition that many positive human traits are not quantifiable and we therefore must develop training regimen and guidelines on AI deployment anchored in humanistic but non-quantifiable values. Throughout the article, we focus on the military domain as an exemplar of the importance of practical judgment, virtue, and intuition as drivers for ethical and effective human decision-making surrounding AI deployments, but the underlying arguments apply to all domains where opaque and potentially autonomous systems are being deployed (subject to domain-specific alterations).
