AI 中文总结
研究可重构光学和光电器件的扭转工程，回顾扭转角计量学现状及表征方法，探讨扭转角控制技术路线，包括多种方法的能力、局限与前景，还讨论其未来从单个结构制造向动态可重构系统发展及相关代表性技术与应用。
AI 中文摘要
可重构光学和光电器件需要紧凑的调谐机制，能在不重建底层纳米结构的情况下重塑电子、激子、极化子和光子响应。在此背景下，扭转成为一种强大的几何自由度，通过简单旋转相邻二维层或光子晶格来重新配置层间耦合、动量匹配、对称性、辐射通道和手性响应。本文综述了跨越范德华材料和光子平台的扭转工程光学和光电器件。首先回顾了扭转角计量学的现状，将现有表征方法分为三类：直接结构成像、基于莫尔周期性和形态特征的方法、以及从光谱或电子响应推断扭转角的技术。接着探讨了扭转角控制的主要技术路线，包括确定性转移和生长策略、原子力显微镜辅助操作、量子扭转显微镜、微机电系统以及新兴的非接触方法，强调了它们各自的能力、局限性以及对可编程和可扩展莫尔光子平台的前景。最后讨论了扭转工程从单个扭曲结构制造向动态可重构、反馈控制和可制造光子系统的未来发展。还强调了基于微机电系统的旋转、压电驱动和微激光雷达作为代表性的使能技术和新兴应用。
英文摘要
Reconfigurable optical and optoelectronic devices require compact tuning mechanisms capable of reshaping electronic, excitonic, polaritonic, and photonic responses without rebuilding the underlying nanostructure. Against this backdrop, twist has emerged as a powerful geometric degree of freedom that reconfigures interlayer coupling, momentum matching, symmetry, radiation channels, and chiral response by simply rotating adjacent two-dimensional layers or photonic lattices. In this Review, we survey twist-engineered optical and optoelectronic devices spanning van der Waals materials and photonic platforms. We first review the current landscape of twist-angle metrology, classifying existing characterization approaches into three complementary categories: direct structural imaging, methods based on moiré periodicity and morphological features, and techniques that infer the twist angle from spectroscopic or electronic responses. We then survey the principal technological routes for twist-angle control, including deterministic transfer and growth strategies, atomic force microscopy (AFM)-assisted manipulation, quantum twisting microscopy (QTM), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and emerging non-contact approaches, highlighting their respective capabilities, limitations, and prospects for programmable and scalable moiré photonic platforms. Finally, we discuss the future evolution of twist engineering from the fabrication of individual twisted structures toward dynamically reconfigurable, feedback-controlled, and manufacturable photonic systems. We further highlight MEMS-based rotation, piezoelectric actuation, and micro-LiDAR as representative enabling technologies and emerging applications within this broader landscape.
