AI 中文总结
该研究利用三百水动力学模拟，通过分析9858个模拟物体样本，研究低气体分数星系团（LGFCs）的丰度、性质及环境影响，发现LGFCs优先在低质量端，核心区气体浓度低、温度高，熵标度关系有异常，\(Y_{\mathrm{sph},500}\)与总体无显著偏差。
AI 中文摘要
基于X射线和苏尼亚耶夫-泽尔多维奇（SZ）观测的星系团样本受选择偏差影响，这些样本优先包含气体含量和表面亮度高的系统。排除气体含量低的低气体分数星系团（LGFCs）会导致采样不完整。我们旨在利用三百水动力学模拟研究LGFCs的丰度和性质，重点关注Gadget-X代码。我们分析了来自三百的9858个模拟物体样本，在红移范围\(z\in[0;0.817]\)内。LGFCs被统计选为\(f_{\mathrm{g},500}-M_{500}\)关系的异常值。为分析环境影响，我们比较了LGFCs和非LGFCs群体的气体密度和温度径向分布。最后，我们研究了LGFCs的加入如何影响温度、熵和球形康普顿参数的标度关系。我们发现LGFCs优先出现在低质量端，其丰度向低红移增加。LGFCs的径向分布显示核心区域气体浓度较低，温度较高，表明星系际介质更弥散且受热。这种行为也反映在熵标度关系中，LGFCs是极端正异常值。与观测结果相反，LGFCs的\(Y_{\mathrm{sph},500}\)值与总体群体无显著偏差。然而，我们不能排除这些差异部分是由低质量端的质量不完整性和模拟样本的环境偏差驱动的。
英文摘要
Galaxy cluster samples based on X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) observations are affected by selection biases. These catalogs preferentially include systems with high gas content and surface brightness. Excluding objects with depleted gas content, low-gas-fraction clusters (LGFCs), could lead to an incomplete sampling. We aim to investigate the abundance and the properties of the LGFCs population using The Three Hundred hydrodynamical simulations, focusing on the Gadget-X code. In particular, we study outliers in the $f_{\mathrm{g},500} - M_{500}$ relation, environmental influences, and their behavior in key scaling relations, with a focus on the Compton-Y observable. We analyze a sample of $N_{\mathrm{tot}} = 9858$ simulated objects from The Three Hundred, in the redshift band $z \in [0;0.817]$. LGFCs are selected statistically as outliers of the $f_{\mathrm{g},500}-M_{500}$ relation. To analyze environmental effects, we compare the gas density and temperature radial profiles of LGFCs against the No-LGFCs population. Finally, we study how the temperature, entropy, and spherical Compton parameter scaling relations are affected by the inclusion of LGFCs. We find that LGFCs are preferentially found at the low-mass end and their abundance increases toward low redshift. Radial profiles of LGFCs show lower gas concentrations in the core regions and higher temperatures, suggesting a more diffuse and heated ICM. This behavior is also reflected in the entropy scaling relation, where LGFCs are extreme positive outliers. Contrary to observations, the $Y_{\mathrm{sph},500}$ values of LGFCs show no significant deviation from the general population. Nevertheless, we cannot rule out that these differences are partly driven by the mass incompleteness at the low-mass end and the environmental bias of our simulated sample.
