AI 中文总结
综述利用超快光谱对拓扑材料的研究进展，涵盖拓扑绝缘体等的光激发态弛豫途径、粒子数反转等，回顾光致拓扑相变，强调结合多维超快光谱与理论建模以建立非平衡拓扑态统一图景，推动相关应用。
AI 中文摘要
拓扑材料具有如狄拉克锥和外尔点等由对称性保护的非平凡能带结构，承载着多样量子现象，在多领域有潜在应用。超快泵浦 - 探测光谱已成为探索这些系统非平衡动力学的有力工具。本文综述了拓扑绝缘体、拓扑半金属和磁性拓扑材料的超快光谱研究进展，讨论了光激发表面和体电子态的弛豫途径，研究了狄拉克和外尔半金属中的粒子数反转等，还回顾了光致拓扑相变等，最后概述了未来方向。旨在为拓扑量子材料的超快研究提供参考并推动其应用。
英文摘要
Topological materials, characterized by symmetry-protected nontrivial band structures such as Dirac cones and Weyl nodes, host diverse quantum phenomena, with potential applications in quantum transport, spintronics, and nonlinear optics. Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for exploring nonequilibrium dynamics in these systems. Its femtosecond resolution allows charge, spin, orbital, and lattice interactions to be tracked on their intrinsic timescales, thereby revealing key coupling mechanisms in topological phases. This review summarizes progress in ultrafast spectroscopic studies of topological insulators, topological semimetals, and magnetic topological materials. We first discuss the relaxation pathways of photoexcited surface and bulk electronic states, emphasizing electron-phonon scattering, surface-bulk charge transfer, and ultrafast spin conversion. We then examine population inversion in Dirac and Weyl semimetals, spin-polarization dynamics associated with tilted Weyl bands, and the effects of magnetic order on topological states, including coherent phonon and magnon excitations, magnetically driven topological transitions, and terahertz emission. We further review photoinduced topological phase transitions driven by electronic correlations, lattice distortions, and magnetic order under intense optical excitation, highlighting routes toward nonthermal control of quantum phases. Finally, we outline future directions that combine multidimensional ultrafast spectroscopy with temporal, energy, momentum, and spin resolution and advanced theoretical modeling to establish a unified picture of nonequilibrium topological states. This review aims to provide a useful reference for ultrafast studies of topological quantum materials and to advance their applications in high-speed, low-power information processing, spintronics, and quantum technologies.
Comments40 pages, 10 figures. This manuscript is an English translation version of our original paper published in Acta Physica Sinica
Journal refActa Physica Sinica, 2026, 75(4): 040703
