AI 中文总结
研究针对自主研究系统的问题，提出XScientist这一类似Git的研究协议和操作系统，核心方法是将运行视为可移植工件并导出相关协议，主要贡献是使自主科学从单次演示走向可重现、可审查和可分叉的研究基础设施。
AI 中文摘要
自主研究系统常被视为一次性论文生成器，给定主题生成稿件和少量实验日志，这掩盖了其难以信任的操作问题。XScientist是针对此场景的类似Git的研究协议和操作系统，它将想法生成、实验执行、稿件起草等编排为一个可连续观察的管道。其核心设计是将每次运行视为可移植的研究工件，导出代理原生研究工件协议，记录探索有向无环图等信息。系统还包括确定性完整性取证等。本文描述了当前架构、协议表面及相关保障措施。
英文摘要
Autonomous research systems can generate plausible papers while losing the decisions, failed branches, and evidence needed to inspect or continue the work. We present XScientist, a local-first, git-like protocol that treats research state, rather than a manuscript, as the unit of continuation. Hypotheses, experiment attempts, observations, claims, reviews, and handoffs are represented as typed, content-addressed objects in an exploration graph. Immutable checkpoints, explicit negative outcomes, claim-evidence closure, replay boundaries, and authority-aware gates make each transition inspectable without treating a passing integrity check as scientific truth. The protocol exports a portable Agent-Native Research Artifact (ARA) that another agent or human can inspect, fork, verify, and extend. A reference implementation integrates planning, execution, review, repair, and supervised long-running operation while preserving provenance across these stages. We evaluate the protocol with controlled artifact-integrity workloads and matched external task pilots, keeping native task performance separate from evidence and audit claims. The result is an interoperability and accountability layer for long-running autonomous science, with explicit boundaries where human judgment and independent evaluation remain necessary.
